Experimentation for Sag and Dimension Measurement of Thin-Walled Tubes and Pipes Using Multi-Channel Ultrasonic Imaging
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Experimentation for Sag and Dimension Measurement of Thin-Walled Tubes and Pipes Using Multi-Channel Ultrasonic Imaging System N. Pavan Kumar1,2
· Eaglekumar G. Tarpara1,2 · V. H. Patankar1,2
Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Thin-walled tubes and pipes are employed in industries to work under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, high flow rates and radiation. Due to such stresses and harsh working conditions, tubes lead to sag during operation because of its low Wall Thickness and smaller diameters. There is a requirement to accurately measure sag and dimensions and assess the health and remaining life of tubes and pipes, as per the relevant safety and reliability standards. Sag measurement is a complex task as it has to be performed in-situ. Other than that there is an important requirement to accurately measure Inner Diameter (ID), Outer Diameter (OD) and Wall Thickness (WT) of tubes and pipes. In this paper, a novel type of linear array-based sag and dimension measurement scheme has been proposed for the thin-walled tubes and pipes using Ultrasonic Testing (UT). UT technique has also been employed to accurately measure the sag and dimensions of the thin-walled tubes and pipes. The operating principle of UT is majorly based on Water-Immersion mode for the measurement of sag and dimensions by acquiring Time of Flight (TOF). In this paper, experimentation has been carried out using an in-house developed 4-Channel Ultrasonic Imaging System and using water-immersion mode. The 4-Channel Ultrasonic Imaging System along with an inspection head carrying a novel arrangement of ultrasonic transducers for measurement of sag and dimensions have been utilized. This paper provides details of the sag and dimension measurement of the sample tube and pipe, using the 4-Channel Ultrasonic Imaging System. Keywords NDT · Ultrasonic testing · Pulse echo · Water-immersion · TOF · Sag measurement · Dimension measurement · Multi-channel ultrasonic imaging system · Ultrasonic transducers · Tube · Pipe
1 Introduction Thin-walled tubes and pipes play an extremely important role in strategic and critical applications in aviation, defense, nuclear and space industries [1]. These tubes and pipes lead to sag, loss of Wall Thickness (WT) and variation in Inner Diameter (ID) and Outer Diameter (OD) during operation due to harsh working conditions [2]. Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of such tubular objects is carried out in conformance with various codes and standards such as ASME, ASTM, AMS, BS and IIW, etc [3]. Various NonDestructive Testing (NDT) techniques are employed for the
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N. Pavan Kumar [email protected]; [email protected]
1
Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400094, India
2
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, India
inspection of tubes and pipes, both during fabrication as well as during in-service stages [4,5]. One of the NDT techniques is LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transform
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