Exploration of empirical relationship between surface soil temperature and surface soil moisture over two catchments of
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Exploration of empirical relationship between surface soil temperature and surface soil moisture over two catchments of contrasting climates and land covers Lu Zhuo 1
&
Dawei Han 1 & Qiang Dai 2
Received: 8 November 2015 / Accepted: 1 September 2017 / Published online: 19 September 2017 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
Abstract Soil moisture plays a very important role in hydrological processes. It has been found in many studies that the surface soil moisture (SSM) is highly related to the diurnal change of the surface soil temperature (ΔSST) at the same soil depth. However, some studies contradict this common belief with findings of a much stronger correlation between the SSM and the SST. In order to investigate this further, we have carried out for the first time a comparative assessment of the insitu measured SST and ΔSST for SSM estimations, over two catchments with contrasting climate types and land uses (i.e. one in the UK and the other in Australia). In both catchments, the time point for the highest relationship between the SST and the SSM is explored. As a result, it is found the SST is more suitable to monitor the variability of the SSM than the ΔSST in both catchments. Moreover the proposed seasonalbased classification method further improves the SSM simulation results in both catchments, with a superior performance observed in the UK catchment (NSE = 0.900 and RMSE = 0.030). In the Australian catchment, a relatively weaker correlation is observed and some potential reasons are explained. The potential applications of the findings for remote sensing soil moisture retrievals are also discussed. Keywords Surface soil moisture . Surface soil temperature . Diurnal surface soil temperature . Comparative evaluation
* Lu Zhuo [email protected]
1
WEMRC, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
2
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Introduction Soil moisture plays a very important role in hydrological processes (Kerr et al. 2001; Zhuo et al. 2015); in particular, the surface soil moisture (SSM) has been widely recognised as a vital element in a number of environmental studies. For example, Wanders et al. (2014) found that calibrating large-scale hydrological models with satellite-retrieved surface soil moisture resulted in Ban accurate identification of parameters related to landsurface processes^ (Wanders et al. 2014: pp 6874). Dumedah and Coulibaly (2013) demonstrated that assimilating the soil moisture observations and flow data into the soil and water assessment tool could raise the accuracy of flow modelling as well as soil moisture calculation when compared with the open-loop simulation. Yoon and Leung (2015) showed that Bantecedent soil moisture information was as important as concurrent ENSO condition in controlling rainfall anomalies over the United States" (Yoon and Leung 2015: pp 5005). Particularly in hydr
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