Understanding the interactions between meteorological and soil moisture drought over Indian region
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Indian Academy of Sciences (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789( ).,-volV)
Understanding the interactions between meteorological and soil moisture drought over Indian region PRABIR KUMAR DAS1,* , SUSHANT CHANDRA2, DILIP KUMAR DAS3, SUBRATA KUMAR MIDYA4, ARATI PAUL1, SOUMYA BANDYOPADHYAY1 and VINAY KUMAR DADHWAL5 1 Regional Remote Sensing Centre-East, NRSC, Kolkata, India. 2 Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 3 Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. 4 Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India. 5
India.
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Valiamala, Thiruvananthapuram, India. *Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] MS received 13 May 2019; revised 21 May 2020; accepted 11 June 2020
The present study aims at analysing the relationship between meteorological and soil moisture droughts over different meteorological regions of India based on change-point, trends and probability analysis. The long term gridded standardized-precipitation-evapotranspiration-index (SPEI) and standardizedsoil-moisture-index (SSMI) data during 1980–2015 were used to address the meteorological and soil-moisture drought, respectively. The significant changes in the time-series SPEI and SSMI data at different time-scales were estimated using Pettitt’s test. The variations in change-points among different time-scales of SSMI were much lower than SPEI, specifically in parts of NW and central India. The interannual variability of drought parameters, i.e., duration and magnitude, showed good agreement between meteorological and soil moisture droughts for mild drought conditions. However, under moderate drought conditions, the behaviour of meteorological and soil moisture drought was different, specifically over peninsular India. The trend analysis revealed that SSMI based drought occurrences were significantly decreasing over all the four meteorological regions, whereas in case of SPEI, significant trends were observed only over peninsular India for mild drought condition. The probability of occurrences of both meteorological and soil moisture droughts were higher over major parts of India in case of mild droughts, whereas the values were lower for moderate drought conditions. Keywords. Standardized soil moisture index; standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index; meteorological drought; MERRA-2; trend analysis; drought probability.
1. Introduction Drought is a common climatic extreme that occur in almost all parts of the globe, irrespective of wet or dry areas (Wang et al. 2016). Despite the existing controversy on changes in drought during last few decades (SheDeld et al. 2012; Dai 2013;
Damberg and AghaKouchak 2014), the increasing drought intensity and magnitude are evident in most parts of the world (Masih et al. 2014). In the last century, among all other, climatic extreme drought has aAected maximum number of people across the globe (Wilhite 2000). In India, the drought during 1987 and 2002
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