Exploring Ethical Pharmacy Practice in Jordan
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Exploring Ethical Pharmacy Practice in Jordan Leen B. Fino1,2 · Iman A. Basheti1,2 · Betty B. Chaar1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 30 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Patient-centered pharmacy practice involves increased pharmacist engagement in patient care. This increased involvement can sometimes require diverse decisionmaking when handling various situations, ranging from simple matters to major ethical dilemmas. There is literature about pharmacy ethics in developed Western countries. However, little is known about pharmacists’ practices in many developing countries. For example, there is a paucity of research conducted in the area of pharmacy ethics in Jordan. This study aimed to explore the manner in which ethical dilemmas were handled by Jordanian pharmacists, the resources used and their attitudes towards them. Semi-structured, face to face interviews were carried out with 30 Jordanian registered pharmacists. The transcribed interviews were thematically analysed for emerging themes. Four major themes were identified: legal practice; familiarity with the code of ethics; personal judgement, cultural and religious values; and Experience. Findings showed that ethical decision-making in pharmacy practice in Jordan was decisively influenced by pharmacists’ personal moral values, legal requirements and managed by exercising common sense and experience. This pointed to gaps in Jordanian pharmacists’ understanding and application of basic principles of pharmacy ethics and highlighted the need for professional ethics training, incorporating pharmacy ethics courses in pharmacy undergraduate curricula, as well as professional development courses. This study highlighted that paternalism, personal values and legal obligations were major drivers influencing decisionmaking processes of Jordanian pharmacists. Findings also highlighted an inclination towards lack of respect for patient autonomy. This illuminated the need for increasing pharmacists’ literacy in professional ethics. Keywords Ethical dilemmas · Pharmacy practice · Pharmacy ethics · Jordan * Betty B. Chaar [email protected] Iman A. Basheti [email protected] 1
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
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L. B. Fino et al.
Introduction Pharmacy practice has evolved throughout the last decades, shifting focus from the traditional product-centered domain (Wiedenmayer 2006) to a more patientcentered practice; concentrating on patients’ needs, and giving patients power to be a part of the decisions-making process regarding their own healthcare. Thus, the patient-pharmacist relationship is now expected to be less paternalistic. Paternalism, described as “the interference with a person’s liberty of action, justified by reasons referring exclusively to the welfare, good, happiness, needs, interest or values of the person being coerced” (Dworkin 1972), has been one o
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