Exploring patterns of accelerometry-assessed physical activity in elderly people
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Exploring patterns of accelerometry-assessed physical activity in elderly people Sandra Ortlieb1,2, André Dias2,3,4, Lukas Gorzelniak2, Dennis Nowak5,6, Stefan Karrasch1,7,8, Annette Peters9, Klaus A Kuhn2, Alexander Horsch2,3,10, Holger Schulz1,11* and KORA Study Group
Abstract Background: Elderly people obtain significant health benefits from physical activity (PA), but the role of activity patterns has scarcely been researched. The present study aims to describe the patterns of PA among different intensities of activity in elderly people. We assess how patterns differ between more and less active groups (‘rare’, ‘average’, and ‘frequent’), and explore whether and how various PA parameters are associated with functional exercise capacity (FEC). Methods: PA was measured in 168 subjects (78 males; 65–89 years of age), using a triaxial GT3X accelerometer for ten consecutive days. Subjects were divided into three groups by activity and the groups were compared. A multiple linear regression model was used to predict FEC. Results: Participants greater than or equal to 80 years are most prone to being sedentary for long periods, while women and the obese are the groups most likely to spend insufficient time in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Rarely active elderly people had a decreased proportion of long bouts of MVPA and light PA and of short bouts in sedentary behavior than frequently active subjects did (p < 0.001). As predictors of FEC, younger age, lower BMI, male sex, better lung function, absence of multimorbidity, longer times and longer bouts of MVPA emerged as significant parameters (r2 = 0.54). Patterns of MVPA explained most of the variance. Conclusions: PA patterns provide information beyond reports of activity alone. MVPA in elderly people may be increased by increasing the proportion of long bouts, in order to increase FEC as well as average PA. However, health conditions may limit PA. In rarely active people (often with reduced FEC, worse lung function, and diagnosis of multimorbidity or disability), longer periods of time in light PA may be sufficient to increase the overall level of activity. Keywords: Elderly, Aged, Older, Physical activity, Exercise, Pattern, Intensity, Movement, Ambulation
Background Physical activity (PA) in elderly people helps maintain health, independence and quality of life, and diminishes the burden on health and social care [1]. In 2010 the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that adults of all ages should perform a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per week in bouts of at least 10 minutes [2]. This is more than most of the older adults achieve. In a large study by Tucker et al. [3], * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany 11 Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany Full list of
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