Explosive Shaped Projectors for Forming High-Velocity Compact Elements
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Explosive Shaped Projectors for Forming High-Velocity Compact Elements S. I. Gerasimova,b,c,d , D. V. Malyarova , A. G. Sirotkinab , S. A. Kapinosa , A. P. Kalmykova,d , and A. S. Knyazeva
UDC 534.222.2(634.454)
Published in Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 128–136, July–August, 2020. Original article submitted July 29, 2019; revision submitted September 9, 2019; accepted for publication December 24, 2019.
Abstract: This study presents a review of high-velocity projection methods and devices intended for the experimental study of the protection of equipment and structures from a high-velocity impact by compact elements, particularly protecting spacecrafts from collision with natural meteorite particles. Explosive projectors used in experiments to test protective structures at high impact velocities are shown. The results of numerical and experimental studies of these schemes are presented. Keywords: explosive projector, compact element, shaped-charge liner, cavitation charge, detonation wave. DOI: 10.1134/S0010508220040139
INTRODUCTION Protection of devices and structures from impact by high-velocity particles is an important task in various fields of activity, including space instrumentation. Calculation methods are not always sufficient for determining the reaction of complex structures to highvelocity impact by compact elements (CEs), so direct experimental studies are often required. They can be carried out in ground conditions using devices that allow one to accelerate compact metal elements to more than 5 km/s, with their weight varying from fractions of a gram to several tens of grams. a
All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF), Russian Federal Nuclear Center, Sarov, 607188 Russia; [email protected]. b Sarov State Physics and Technical Institute, Department of the National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI” (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Sarov, 607186 Russia. c Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (NNSTU), Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia. d Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, 603024 Russia.
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For this purpose, one can use powder and light gas guns, electromagnetic accelerators, and various types of explosive projectors. The most complete overview of high-velocity projection methods is presented in [1–6]. One of the device promising for the solution of these problems is a shaped explosive projector, whose operational principle is based on the formation of a high-velocity shaped jet by explosive compression of the liner (collapse of the cavity) with subsequent detachment of its head, i.e., the formation of a CE itself. These devices are disposable destructible structures that do not require complex positioning systems (slipways), maintenance, gas supply, powerful energy storage devices, etc., which makes them convenient to use, even on unequipped landfills. An important advantage of EPs is the possibility of developing devices that provide a group effect of a CE on the test object. This
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