Explosive Effects and Applications

This is a broad-based text on the fundamentals of explosive behavior and the application of explosives in civil engineering, industrial processes, aerospace applications, and military uses.

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Editors-in-Chiej Lee Davison Yasuyuki Horie

Editor-in-Chiej Emeritus Robert A. Graham Advisory Board Roger Cheret, France Vladimir E. Fortov, Russia Jing Fuqian, China Y.M. Gupta, USA James N. Johnson, USA Akira B. Sawaoka, Japan

Detonation of a SOO-ton TNT hemisphere. Photo courtesy of DRES (Defence Research Establishment Suffield, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada).

Jonas A. Zukas

William P. Walters

Editors

Explosive Effects and Applications With 160 Illustrations

~ Springer

Jonas A. Zukas Computatîonal Mechanics Associates P.O. Box 113 14 Balt îmore, MO 21239

William P. Walters Army Research Laboralory Aberdeen Proving Grou nd Aherdeen, MO 21005

Editors-in-Chief Lee Oavison

1..os Alamos National Laboratory

USA

39 Canoncito Vista Road Tijeras, NM 87059

USA

USA

Yasuyuki Horic

Las Alamos, NM 87545

USA

horie@ lan l.gov

[email protected]

Library of Congress Cataioging-in-PubJication Data Explosive effects and applications I edited by Jonas A. Z\lkas, William P. Walters.

p. cm. - .(Higb prcssure sbock compression of coodensed

ITI"t detonation criterion from thermal explosion theory. Sixth Symposium (International) on Detonation. Office of Naval Research ACR-221, pp. 76-81. Hirschfelder, J.O., Curtiss, C.F., and Bird, R.B. (1954). Molecular Theory of Gases and Liquids. Wiley, New York, p. 154. Hobbs, M.L. and Baer, M.R. (1993). Calibrating the BKW-EOS with a large product species data base and measured C-J properties. Tenth Symposium (International) on Detonation. Office of Naval Research ONR 33395-12, pp. 409-418.

References

113

Jeans, J.H. (1954). Dynamical Theory of Gases. Dover, New York, §172. Kury, J.W., Hornig, H.C., Lee, E.L., McDonnel, J.L., Ornellas, D.L., Finger, M., Strange, F.M., and Wilkins, M.L. (1965). Metal acceleration by chemical explosives. Fourth Symposium (International) on Detonation. Office of Naval Research ACR-126, pp. 3-13. Landau, L. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1958). Statistical Physics. Pergamon, London, pp.91-92. Lighthill, J. (1978). Waves in Fluids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Chaps. 1.13 and 3.6. McQueen, R.G. (1991). Shock waves in condensed media: Their properties and the equation of state of materials derived from them. Proceedings of the International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi," Course 113 (S. Eliezer and R.A. Ricci, eds.). North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 101-215. McQueen, R.G., Fritz, J.N., and Morris, C.E. (1983). The velocity of sound behind strong shock waves in 2024 AI. In Shock Waves in Condensed Matter (J.R. Asay, R.A. Graham, and G.K. Straub, eds.). North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 95-98. Mader, c.L. (1979). Numerical Modeling of Detonations. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA. Menikoff, R. and Plohr, B.J. (1989). The Riemann problem for fluid flow of real materials. Rev. Mod. Phys., 61, 75-130. Meyers, M.A. (1994). Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Wiley, New York. Pastine, D.J. and Piascesi, D. (1966). The existence and implications of curvature in the relation between shock and particle velocities for metals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2