Expression of Melatonin and Glucocorticoid Receptor Varies along with Lung-Associated Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Jung
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XPERIMENTAL PAPERS
Expression of Melatonin and Glucocorticoid Receptor Varies along with LungAssociated CellMediated Immunity in the Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica: a Tradeoff between Melatonin and Dexamethasone Rajesh Kumar Kharwara,*, Vaishali Singha, and Chandana Haldarb aDepartment of Zoology, Kutir Post b
Graduate College, Chakkey, Jaunpur222 146, India
Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi221 005, India *email: [email protected] Received February 19, 2020 Revised June 29, 2020 Accepted July 5, 2020
Abstract—The role of circulatory glucocorticoids along with melatonin in the regulation of lung associated cellmediated immunity has never been explored in any tropical bird. This could be interesting because glucocorticoids are immunosuppressive while melatonin is immunostimulatory in nature. In our present study, we report the localization and expression of the glucocorticoid and melatonin receptors and the effect of melatonin on dexamethasoneinduced suppression of lung associated and general immunity in the jungle bush quail Perdicula asiatica. The birds were treated with melatonin and dexamethasone at dose of 25μg/100g B.wt./day and 30μg/100g B.wt./day, respectively, for twenty eight days. At the end of the experiment, the birds were sacrificed and lung tissues and blood samples were collected for histology and morphometric analysis of lymphoid tissue (BALT and nonBALT nodules), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte count (LC), percent stimulation ratio of isolated lung lymphocytes (% SR), immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and hormonal assay. Dexamethasone injection reduced the immune status in terms of the size of BALT and nonBALT nodules, TLC, LC and % SR, upregulated expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and downregulated expression of melatonin receptor types Mel1a and Mel1b. Melatonin administration increased the above immune parameters and upregulated expression of melatonin receptor types Mel1a and Mel1b while downregulating GR. Our results suggest the existence of the tradeoff relationship between melatonin and corticosterone, which might be responsible for the regulation of lungassociated cellmediated immunity under stress conditions via their receptors in the lung of the jungle bush quail Perdicula asiatica. DOI: 10.1134/S0022093020040079 Keywords: avian lung, LAIS, stress, immunity, melatonin, corticosterone, glucocorticoid receptor, Mel1a/Mel1b receptor
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EXPRESSION OF MELATONIN AND GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR VARIES
INTRODUCTION The respiratory system becomes the first target to be attacked by foreign antigens and various types of microbial pathogens. To overcome the problem of respiratory diseases, the avian lung is equipped with a wellorganized lungassociated immune system (LAIS). A wellstructured LAIS, comprising bronchusassociated lymphoid tissue (BALT) nodules, nonBALT nodules, free lym phocytes and macrophages, has been reported in the lungs of the jungle bush quail Perdicula asiat ica [
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