Extension of the Metalanguage of Normal Forms of Knowledge
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EXTENSION OF THE METALANGUAGE OF NORMAL FORMS OF KNOWLEDGE
UDC 004.8
A. F. Kurgaev
Abstract. Two variants of text and graphic description of the metalanguage of normal forms of knowledge, extended by the stylistic relations of information structure descriptions, are presented. The set of relations of normal forms of knowledge (alternative, concatenation, negation, and iteration) is extended by two new relations for a structure: being mandatory (non-zero number of repetitions) and being optional and structure (grouped) brackets. The descriptions of new relations in text and graphic forms in terms of basic relations are presented. Keywords: metalanguage, self-description of metalanguage, self-description graph of the metalanguage, mandatory relation, optional relation, structure brackets. INTRODUCTION Knowledge processing is a conventional basis and one of the fields of practical application of the achievements of artificial intelligence for solution of society evolution problems, which directly uses knowledge in explicit form by a computer. This ability is only attainable during creation of an informational computer with internal language, sufficient for efficient representation and usage of various information and capable to acquire all our system of knowledge in a dialog with people and reality. Metalanguages are used for a strict and exact description of programming languages. Backus–Naur forms (BNF) and EBNF (Extended BNF) [1, 2] are the most popular metalanguages. However, as a knowledge representation language, EBNF metalanguage (and other well-known metalanguages) is not functionally complete and thus is unuitable for representation of arbitrary knowledge. 1. PROBLEM STATEMENT To attain functional completeness, the metalanguage of normal forms of knowledge (NFN) for description of arbitrary knowledge is allotted by operations of analysis and generation over arbitrary structures of concepts related by concatenation (sequence), alternative, negation, and iteration [3, 4]. To simplify the description of structures of terms, basic relations (concatenation, alternative, and iteration) are complemented with stylistic relations. For example, the EBNF metalanguage intended for description of syntactic structures of programming languages, along with basic relations, contains relations of a selected structure being optional, relations of being mandatory (one or more number of entries of the selected structure) and structure brackets [1, 2]. In view of absence of these additional relations, the description of structures of Semantic Web languages in the NFN metalanguage concedes (though insignificantly) the EBNF metalanguage in the number of rules (Table 1) [5–7]. It seems to be expedient to extend operational capabilities of the NFN metalanguage to relations in the description of information structures accepted in the well-known metalanguages. The purpose of the paper is to extend the set of relations of the NFN metalanguage with the service relations of being mandatory or being optional for some structure and with s
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