Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Development of Cancer
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Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Development of Cancer Koyeli Girigoswami 1
&
Devender Saini 2
&
Agnishwar Girigoswami 1
Accepted: 25 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The importance of stem cell growth and its fate is highly essential for the use of stem cells in therapy and regeneration. There are conflicting evidences regarding the actual role of stem cells when injected into a patient towards damage recovery and its lifespan inside the body. Tumor microenvironment differs from that of normal cells and may have a role in the growth of stem cells when associated with them. In cancer, the uncontrolled growth of cells remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM alteration occurs as the mutated fibroblast cells release growth factors into the ECM which further alters the ECM directly or changes the epithelial cells and then alters the ECM. In this review we will discuss about the components and functions of ECM and how does it differ in cancer cells compared to normal cells. Abnormal dynamics of the ECM and its role in cancer progression will also be discussed. Keywords Extracellular matrix . Stiffness of ECM . ECM remodeling . Cancer ECM . Cancer niche
Introduction Tissue engineering is a field which resolves therapeutic problems such as organ failure, burn or organ transplants. The treatment modalities are executed with the help of organs engineered in the laboratory or by treating with the stem cells or with implantations such as biological scaffold (extracellular matrix, ECM) or artificial scaffolds (PCL, PLGA etc.). The implantation of scaffold work as a microenvironment for the cells and provides necessary signals and growth factors to the cells to retain functions. However, conflicts exist regarding the treatment by stem cells as there is no concluding study on the implanted cell survival after an interval of time. The damage recovery observed after the stem cell therapy also does not guarantee that the healing is due to the stem cells which were given to the patient. Because of these uncertainties stem cells therapy is under debate even after getting approved * Koyeli Girigoswami [email protected] 1
Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India
2
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamilnadu, India
by the FDA. The study on the effect of cellular microenvironment becomes very important to come to any conclusion. The purpose of the present review was to explore the stem cell fate and its role in cancer, as it is well known that cancer microenvironment differs from that of normal cells, it may promote the growth of stem cells, which can be of future use for the stem cell therapy.
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