Exudate-Based Classification for Detection of Severity of Diabetic Macula Edema
Macula Edema is observed in many patients having diabetes for more than ten years. It is more so in patients who have fluctuating sugar level or uncontrolled diabetes. In the case of Macula Edema, in spite of being the commonest cause, the patient realize
- PDF / 1,141,355 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 106 Downloads / 180 Views
[email protected] 2 Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues College of Engineering, Bandra, Mumbai 400050, Maharashtra, India
[email protected] 3 D. Y. Patil University and School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
[email protected] 4 Shah and Anchor Kutchi Engineering College, Mumbai 400088, Maharashtra, India
[email protected]
Abstract. Macula Edema is observed in many patients having diabetes for more than ten years. It is more so in patients who have fluctuating sugar level or uncontrolled diabetes. In the case of Macula Edema, in spite of being the commonest cause, the patient realizes the issue, only when there is deterioration of vision. Experts use surrogates such as exudates near to fovea in fundus photographs for detection of Macula Edema through clinical examination. The severity is based on the proximity of the exudates to the fovea. In the present scenario with the rising rate of diabetes, an automated technique can act as an aid for the quick detection of the disease and also adds value to healthcare. This paper proposes a morphological method for extraction of exudates. A novel approach is proposed for locating the macula irrespective of the position of optic disc. The overall accuracy obtained for classification is 94.74%. The balanced accuracy obtained for classification of Normal, Non Clinically Significant Macula Edema and Clinically Significant Macula Edema is 97.92%, 92.42% and 96.77%, respectively. Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy · Macula Edema · Exudates · Balanced accuracy
1 Introduction Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which blood sugar levels in the body get elevated. It is either due to the failure of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin or due to the inability of the body cells to properly utilize the insulin produced by the pancreas. Untreated diabetes in the long run affects the functioning of various parts of the body such as eyes, heart, kidney and nervous system. Different abnormalities caused in the eye due to prolonged diabetes are Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Macula Edema, Cataract and rarely Glaucoma. DR affects the blood vessels in the retina. It occurs when loss of pericytes of capillaries leave the endothelial versus pericyte ratio to be altered. This makes the capillary wall weak. Blood flow will pre-empt it to cause outpouching to © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 K. Arai et al. (Eds.): SAI 2020, AISC 1230, pp. 150–160, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52243-8_12
Exudate-Based Classification for Detection of Severity
151
form microaneurysms. Stagnation of blood flow in these microaneurysms will cause leakage of fluid which is revealed as exudates. This becomes foremost identifying factor to classify DR. These abnormalities affect the vision. It is estimated that one third of people affected with diabetes end up with getting DR [1]. The macula is located at the center of the retina. It is responsible for our perception of colours and fine details. The fluid from blood vessels can leak into macula as well. The leakage causes the macula
Data Loading...
