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RESEARCH PAPER

Fabrication and characterization of supercapacitor electrodes using chemically synthesized CuO nanostructure and activated charcoal (AC) based nanocomposite Mahendra Singh Yadav

Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract In this work, the activated charcoal dispersed with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) electrode materials was proposed as electrode material for supercapacitor that is used as energy storage device. The CuO NPs were synthesized at room temperature using co-precipitation method and the nanocomposite was with activated charcoal (AC) powder for its application in an electrochemical supercapacitor. Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was carried out at various temperatures. The optimized temperature for synthesis is 600 °C that resulted in better performance of electrode materials. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction confirms the monoclinic structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests the +2 oxidation state of copper. Electrochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposite electrodes and fabricated supercapacitor cells were characterized using a.c. impedance, cyclic voltammetry, and charge–discharge techniques by using 1 M H2SO4 and 6 M KOH as electrolytes. The optimized composition is 1:1 (mass ratio) of CuO and AC. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor cells is stable up to 2000 cycles at 100 mV cm−2, which shows that the device has good electrochemical reversibility and cycle life with 6 M KOH and 1 M H2SO4 electrolytes.

M. S. Yadav (*) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna, Madhya Pradesh 473226, India e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords Nanoparticles . Nanocomposite . SXRD . SEM . TEM . XPES . Supercapacitor

Introduction The rapid growth of energy-demanding population is leading to the consumption of fossil fuels such as petroleum, diesel, coal, and natural gas which are primary sources of energy worldwide. Increased dependency on fossil fuels has created a world economic crisis and environmental problem. The depletion of fossil fuel is witnessed in recent times and the pollution leads to global warming. These issues have provided an impetus to the development of sustainable and renewable energy resources. To fulfill rapidly increasing energy demands worldwide, it is necessity of time to strengthen the progress to develop the high-performance, low-cost, environmental friendly renewable energy storage/ conversion devices (Conway 1999; Burke 2000; Zhang and Zhao 2009; Feng et al. 2014; Niu et al. 2015). Ultracapacitors or supercapacitors are energy storage devices, being examples of electrochemical capacitors. In recent years, they have received more attention because of distinguishable properties such as higher power density and longer life cycle in comparison with conventional batteries, higher energy density compared with capacitors, high rate capacity, rapid charge– discharge mechanism, and being environmental friendly (Winter and Brodd 2