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Fabrication of graphene/polyaniline nanofiber multilayer composite for supercapacitor electrodes via layer-by-layer vacuum filtration Huijun Tan1, Ding Xiao1, Rahul Navik1, Motonobu Goto2, and Yaping Zhao1,*

1 2

School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Received: 11 May 2020

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 2 September 2020

The multilayer hybrids of pristine graphene and polyaniline nanofiber were prepared via layer-by-layer vacuum filtration for making a high-performance supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of the hybrids electrode in the threeelectrode system was measured as high as 565 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and the as-prepared supercapacitor exhibited high energy density and power density of 19.28 Wh/kg and 3.2 kW/kg, respectively. The synergistic effect of crosslinking polyaniline nanofiber network and pristine graphene intercalation not only provided larger specific areas exposed to electrolyte and improved the penetration rate of electrolyte but also improved the electrical conductivity as well as shorten the charge transmission pathways of electrons from electrode to current collector. The results demonstrate that the supercapacitor electrodes with excellent capacitive performance can be fabricated by constructing a multilayer hybrid of graphene and polyaniline nanofiber.

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Springer Science+Business

Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

1 Introduction The fast development of society has promoted the demand for energy storage devices. The supercapacitor, as an efficient energy storage device, is widely studied all over the world owing to its high power density, long cycling life, and fast charging rate [1]. Generally, electrode materials of supercapacitors are made mainly from carbon materials, transition metal oxides, or conducting polymers [2]. Graphene is one of the most materials used in the

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04400-9

electrical double-layer capacitor electrode because of its high surface area [3, 4], excellent electrical properties [5], and high mechanical strength [2]. However, its specific capacitance is too low to meet the practical requirements [6], and its easy aggregation remains an issue [2]. Therefore, the pseudocapacitive materials were often introduced to prepare the composite with graphene to make electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance as the former has high specific capacitance.

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most widely used pseudocapacitive materials because of its high theoretical specific capacitance and low preparation cost [7, 8]. Recently, various types of methods to fabricate graphene/PANI composites were reported [6, 9, 10]. Among them, in situ polymerization was the most common method [11–15] due to the easily complexing of PANI with graphene during the polymerization process. However, the in