Fabrication and electrochemical properties of flow-through polypyrrole and polypyrrole/polypyrrole nanoarrays
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fabrication and electrochemical properties of flow‑through polypyrrole and polypyrrole/polypyrrole nanoarrays Yibing Xie1 Received: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Flow-through polypyrrole (PPY) nanoarrays are well tailored into nanopore, nanotube-in-nanopore and nanorod-in-nanopore structures to act as free-standing supercapacitor electrodes through anodization, electro-polymerization deposition and chemical corrosion processes. Independent T iO2 nanotube array is prepared to act as well-aligned and ordered temperate by an anodic oxidation of titanium sheet. Polypyrrole (PPY) was selectively coated on the external surface and/or internal surface of T iO2 nanotubes to form PPY/TiO2 and PPY/TiO2/PPY through a controlled pulse voltammetry electrodeposition process. Polypyrrole (PPY)/ Polypyrrole (PPY) nanotube-in-nanopore and nanorod-in-nanopore arrays can be formed by HF corrosion dissolution of T iO2 template from PPY/TiO2/PPY. Alternatively, PPY nanopore array can be formed by removing TiO2 template from PPY/TiO2. Polypyrrole (PPY) nanopore array has the pore diameter of 130–200 nm and wall thickness of 25–40 nm. Polypyrrole (PPY) Polypyrrole (PPY)/Polypyrrole (PPY) nanotube-in-nanopore array has the pore diameter of 135–225 nm, nanopore wall thickness of 25–45 nm and nanotube diameter of 90–135 nm. Polypyrrole (PPY)/ Polypyrrole (PPY) nanorod-in-nanopore array has the pore diameter of 115–215 nm, nanopore wall thickness of 20–35 nm and nanorod diameter of 85–135 nm. All these PPY and PPY/PPY nanoarrays have the total length of 0.9–1.1 μm and keep flow through and ordered alignment structure contributing to feasible electrolyte ion diffusion. Electroactive PY nanopore, PPY/PPY nanotube-in-nanopore and PPY/PPY nanorod-in-nanopore arrays directly become free-standing electrodes to achieve the specific capacitance of 13.2, 16.7 and 18.3mF c m−2 at 0.25 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M H 2SO4 electrolyte and the rate capacity retention of 77.3, 77.2 and 77.0% at 1.5 mA cm−2. Well-tailored and flow-through PPY and PPY/PPY nanoarrays can act as the promising polymer electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Keywords Polypyrrole · Nanoarray · Nanotube-in-nanopore · Nanorod-in-nanopore · Electrochemical
Introduction The flexible supercapacitors have attracted much interest due to the potential applications in portable electronic devices (Chen and Xie 2019; Ge et al. 2011). The flexible supercapacitor should have high capacitance and mechanical strength, which is highly dependent on the electrode and electrolyte materials (Dubal et al. 2011; Lu and Xie 2019; Ruan et al. 2019; Xie and Zhang 2019; Xie and Zhou 2019). Electrode materials with feasible electron transfer route and effective interface area are expected to high electroactivity (Dubal et al. 2012; Li et al. 2019a, 2019b; Xie and Wang * Yibing Xie [email protected] 1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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