Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Titanium Membrane Electrode for Highly-Efficient Separation and Degradation of Cong
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Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Titanium Membrane Electrode for Highly‑Efficient Separation and Degradation of Congo Red Wastewater Hong Wang1,2 · Yalong Duan1,2 · Jianli Kang2 · Hongsen Hui1,2 · Jianxin Li1,2,3 Received: 18 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Commercially Ti membrane was chosen as the substrate of electrochemical technique because of its excellent conductivity and oxidation resistivity. However, a sole macroporous structure and low porosity limit reaction efficiency in application of electrochemical reaction. Nowadays, hierarchically porous structure have attracted interest in catalytic or electrochemical reactions owing to their large surface areas and rich pore channels. Herein, we report a hierarchically porous titanium (Ti) membrane (hp-Ti) with pore sizes mesopores (2–10 nm) and macropores (0.2–50 µm), which was fabricated by a combination of sintering and melt-dealloying processes. The macropores guaranteed an adequate flow rate through the membrane with low pressure, while the mesopores provided an ultrahigh surface area. The hierarchically porous Ti membrane with nano-MnOx loaded ( MnOx/hp-Ti) by the sol–gel method exhibited better electrochemical properties than the commercially porous Ti membrane with nano-MnOx loaded (MnOx/cp-Ti), mainly due to the massive pathways of rapid diffusion, high surface areas, and abundant active sites. Further, M nOx/hp-Ti as the anode constituted an electrocatalytic membrane reactor (ECMR) for congo red wastewater treatment (50–200 mg·L−1). With the same energy consumption (0.654 kW·h·m−3) of ECMR, the removal rate of the total organic carbon (TOC) obtained by ECMR with MnOx/hp-Ti at an optimized condition was up to 80% which was higher than 73.8% of MnOx/cp-Ti. This work offers significant insights into developing new porous membrane electrodes for dye separation and degradation.
* Jianli Kang [email protected] Hong Wang [email protected] Yalong Duan [email protected] Hongsen Hui [email protected] Jianxin Li [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research On Separation Membranes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
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School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
3
Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
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Graphic Abstract
Keywords Hierarchically porous titanium membrane · Melt-dealloying · Electrocatalytic membrane reactor · Manganese oxide catalysts
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Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Titanium Membrane Electrode for Highly‑Efficient…
1 Introduction Recently, in the manufacturing processes of textiles, paper, dye manufacturing and dyeing industries, a great quantity of congo red dye are used. Apart from being visually abominable, t
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