Facile 3D cell culture protocol based on photocurable hydrogels
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Facile 3D cell culture protocol based on photocurable hydrogels Mingjun Xie1,2,3 · Yating Zheng3 · Qing Gao1,2,3 · Yong He1,2,3 Received: 8 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Zhejiang University Press 2020
Introduction Why 3D cell culture urgently needed? Tissue engineering has extremely influenced the development process of basic biological studies and biomedical technology. For quite a long time, the vast majority of these researches have been relying on the experimental results of conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture in flask, petri dish or well plate. However, these 2D culture results could be very different with or even totally opposite to the actual situations in vivo where cells grow inside a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, 3D cell culture has been playing a more and more significant role because of its higher accuracy and authenticity [1–4].
What methods of 3D cell culture have been used? So far, there have been three main classes of 3D cell culture method, namely low-adhesion reunion culture, suspension drop culture, and hydrogel encapsulating culture. In lowadhesion reunion culture method, cells are usually seeded on the surface of petri dish with low adhesion, so that the cells tend to aggregate with each other to form 3D particles rather than attach or spread. In suspension drop culture method, cell suspension droplets are hanged upside down on the basement material. Cells would settle down with gravity effect and gather at the bottom of droplets to form 3D cell microElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42242-020-00096-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yong He [email protected]
1
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2
Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3
Engineering for Life Group (EFL), Suzhou 215101, China
spheres. In hydrogel encapsulating culture method, cells are mixed with hydrogel precursor. After that, with some formation approaches, precursor can be formed into specific 3D shapes with certain intensity and provide a 3D growing environment for the encapsulated cells. Compared with the two former methods, the hydrogel can be combined with many 3D bioprinting methods to form special 3D structures [5–10]. What’s more, an ocean of micropores is produced during the cross-linking treatment. The encapsulated cells can acquire enough space for material exchanging; thanks to the hydrogel network, so that the 3D samples can be designed with much larger general sizes. Therefore, hydrogel encapsulating culture method is more closed to the actual conditions in vivo and owns more potential to be extended in a large scale.
Why 3D cell culture not popular so far? In our opinion, if the operation approach of 3D culture is simple as 2D culture,
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