Facile and Low-Cost Fabrication of a Thread/Paper-Based Wearable System for Simultaneous Detection of Lactate and pH in
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Facile and Low‑Cost Fabrication of a Thread/Paper‑Based Wearable System for Simultaneous Detection of Lactate and pH in Human Sweat Gang Xiao1 · Jing He1 · Yan Qiao1 · Feng Wang2,3 · Qingyou Xia2,3 · Xin Wang4 · Ling Yu1 · Zhisong Lu1 · Chang‑Ming Li1,5 Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Donghua University, Shanghai, China 2020
Abstract Wearable devices have received tremendous interests in human sweat analysis in the past few years. However, the widely used polymeric substrates and the layer-by-layer stacking structures greatly influence the cost-efficiency, conformability and breathability of the devices, further hindering their practical applications. Herein, we report a facile and low-cost strategy for the fabrication of a skin-friendly thread/paper-based wearable system consisting of a sweat reservoir and a multi-sensing component for simultaneous in situ analysis of sweat pH and lactate. In the system, hydrophilic silk thread serves as the micro-channel to guide the liquid flow. Filter papers were functionalized to prepare colorimetric sensors for lactate and pH. The smartphone-based quantitative analysis shows that the sensors are sensitive and reliable. Although pH may interfere the lactate detection, the pH detected simultaneously could be employed to correct the measured data for the achievement of a precise lactate level. After being integrated with a hydrophobic arm guard, the system was successfully used for the on-body measurement of pH and lactate in the sweats secreted from the volunteers. This low-cost, easy-to-fabricate, light-weight and flexible thread/paper-based microfluidic sensing device may hold great potentials as a wearable system in human sweat analysis and point-of-care diagnostics. Keywords Wearable sensors · Thread/paper-based microfluidics · Sweat analysis · Point-of-care diagnostics · Multi-sensing system Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-020-00046-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ling Yu [email protected] * Zhisong Lu [email protected] 1
Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
2
State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
3
Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, 1 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
4
College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, , Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
5
Institute of Advanced Cross‑Field Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People’s Republic of China
Introduction Skin is the soft outer covering the whole human body that protects us from pathogenic microbes and harmful elements in the ambient environment. On its surface
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