Facile fabrication of durable acaricidal nanofibers effective against Dermatophagoides farinae via emulsion electrospinn
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Facile fabrication of durable acaricidal nanofibers effective against Dermatophagoides farinae via emulsion electrospinning of eugenol-encapsulated cellulose acetate Heedong Lee . J. R. Kim
Received: 16 November 2019 / Accepted: 2 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Eugenol, a natural essential oil that has acaricidal effect on Dermatophagoides farinae dust mite, was encapsulated in a gelatin capsule by the coacervation method. The eugenol oil-loaded gelatin capsule (EOGC) was in spherical shape with an average diameter of * 1.46 lm, and the loading efficiency of eugenol in EOGC was 45%. The gelatin shell (* 25 vol% of entire EOGC) of EOGC was cross-linked by the Schiff’s base reaction, so that EOGC can endure the later electrospinning process. The EOGC-embedded nanofibers were produced by electrospinning the cellulose acetate (CA) solution containing EOGC emulsions. The electrospun fibers
contained firmly embedded-EOGC emulsions (EOGCs-CA), where the emulsions remained unbroken through the processes. EOGC has the bioactive compounds of monoterpene alcohol and 4-allyl-2methoxyphenol of eugenol oil, and the EOGC-embedded CA nanofibers demonstrated the acaricidal effect in reducing the number of D. farinae, showing up to 97% mortality in 24 h. The emulsion-based method was suggested as a facile and effective way of fabricating acaricidal textiles. Eugenol is a promising natural alternative to synthetic acaricidal agents in finishing acaricidal textiles.
H. Lee J. R. Kim (&) ICT Smart Textiles R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan, South Korea e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Emulsion electrospinning Acaricidal Eugenol oil Dermatophagoides farinae Gelatin capsule Coacervation method
Introduction Indoor air quality of the carpeted area can be seriously deteriorated by the presence of house dust mites (HDM), which are a major cause of respiratory allergies, asthma and atopic dermatitis (Arlian and Platts-Mills 2001; Tan et al. 1996). Typical HDMs in home environment include Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) and Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), being potential sources of allergens (Sporik et al. 1990). To reduce the exposure to HDMs, synthetic pyrethroids are commonly used as a household acaricide, yet its toxicity to human and environment casts another problem to public health (Loucif-Ayad et al. 2008). Thus, as a safer alternative to synthetic pyrethroids to reduce HDM allergen in indoor environment, natural essential oils have been extensively explored (Chen et al. 2016; Isman 2000; Ma et al. 2014; Majeed et al. 2015). Numerous natural plant oils have been reported as effective alternatives to synthetic pyrethroids with
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reasonable activities and relatively low toxicity to humans (Jirovetz et al. 2006). Saad et al. reported that clove oil including 62.3% eugenol compound had a very effective acaricidal activity among 14 plant es
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