Facile Synthesis of Highly Active Sulfated Titania Nanofibers for Viscous Acid-Catalytic Reactions
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Facile Synthesis of Highly Active Sulfated Titania Nanofibers for Viscous Acid‑Catalytic Reactions Jie She1 · Zhenyu Wu1 · Ke Zhou1 · Xuejuan Zhao2 · Huihua Min3 · Xiaoli Gu1 · Xiaobao Li1 · Jiangfeng Yao1 · Licheng Li1 · Huining Xiao4 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Well-shaped sulfated titania nanofibers were prepared by impregnation of hydrogen titanate with (NH4)2S2O8 and calcination. Various characterization results showed that sulfated titania nanofibers consisted of smooth-surface and long-size fibers with the diameter of dozens of nanometers. Moreover, acid characteristics of sulfated titania nanofibers exhibited the high acid content, multi-strength acid sites and large Brønsted/Lewis acid ratio. In low-viscosity esterification, sulfated titania nanofibers had 1.2 ~ 2.1 times the reaction rate of other sulfated titania and other typical solid acids. Simultaneously, sulfated titania nanofibers possessed the higher DS value of product than those by other solid acids in highly viscous cellulose acetylation (2.41 versus 2.06 ~ 2.21). Besides these, sulfated titania nanofibers could show the excellent recycling performance in viscous acid-catalytic reactions.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-020-03395-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Licheng Li [email protected] 1
Innovation Research Center of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
2
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, People’s Republic of China
3
Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
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Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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Graphic Abstract
Keywords Sulfated titania · Viscosity · Recycle · Nanofibers · Solid acid
1 Introduction Acid catalysis has been widely applied in industrial reactions and played an irreplaceable role in making numerous key products [1, 2]. Replacement of liquid acid by solid acid can simplify the separation process [3, 4]. Among them, sulfated solid acid due to electronic induction has the superacidic properties and meanwhile is easily synthesized [5, 6]. Development of novel sulfated solid acid has been attracting numerous attentions of multiple fields. In various acid-catalytic systems, the viscosities of substrates are significantly different [7–9]. This is a key factor for directly associating with the mass transfer of reaction, which obstructs in access of reactants to active sites of solid acid. Consequently, the catalytic performance of solid acid would not show the excellent in viscous r
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