Factors for adoption of artificial insemination technology in pig: evidence from small-scale pig production system
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Factors for adoption of artificial insemination technology in pig: evidence from small-scale pig production system Ph. Romen Sharma 1 & Mahak Singh 1 & Pankaj Kumar Sinha 2 & R. Talimoa Mollier 1 & D. J. Rajkhowa 1 Received: 2 September 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The average treatment estimation framework was used to estimate the actual and potential adoption rates of artificial insemination technology in pig and their determinants using responses of 390 randomly selected pig farmers. The sample adoption rate of artificial insemination technology in pig is estimated to be 16% while the potential adoption rate is estimated at 47%. Incomplete diffusion or exposure of the technology in the population has lead to significant adoption gap of 31%. Result of the average treatment estimation probit model for determinants of adoption revealed the existence of significant difference in the coefficients and magnitude of marginal effects compared to the classic adoption model. Results showed that variables such as age of household head, piggery farming experience, maximum number of pigs reared in a year during the last 5 years, number of breeding sows, distance to artificial insemination provider centre, access to extension services and participation in training and demonstration programmes on pig were the significant determinants for adoption of artificial insemination technology in smallscale pig production system. Keywords Artificial insemination . Adoption . Pig . Small production system . Average treatment estimate
Introduction The small-scale backyard piggery has potential to contribute significantly towards improving the livelihood and food security of poor and vulnerable small farmers (Lanada et al. 2005; Huynh et al. 2006; Ajala et al. 2007; Deka et al. 2007). The need for making efforts towards sustaining the small pig production system is being increasingly recognized. Among available strategies for developing such production systems, the genetic improvement of non-descript pig is considered as important one. The natural breeding practice in small-scale pig production system is constrained by the poor quality germplasm (Deka et al. 2018), high cost of hiring breeding boar (Kadirvel et al. 2013), difficult and costly transportation of boar to the place of breeding and possibility of losing the heat period due to non-availability of boar in the locality. Rearing * Ph. Romen Sharma [email protected] 1
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
2
ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
of breeding boars is deterred by high maintenance cost. Moreover, dependence on limited number of breeding boars may also lead to inbreeding depression. Artificial insemination (AI) in pig is a proven breeding technology with multiple benefits over the natural breeding, like the efficiency in breeding, effective tools for introduction of improved germplasm and control of venereal diseases (Whittemore 1993;
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