Factors influencing drug deposition in the nasal cavity upon delivery via nasal sprays
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation (2020) 50:251–259 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40005-020-00482-z
REVIEW
Factors influencing drug deposition in the nasal cavity upon delivery via nasal sprays Mingyue Gao1 · Xin Shen1 · Shirui Mao1 Received: 29 February 2020 / Accepted: 5 April 2020 / Published online: 12 April 2020 © The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology 2020
Abstract Background In nasal drug delivery system, nasal spray seems to be the most promising delivery method for both local and systemic diseases therapy. Nasal deposition behavior is the most basic and important process for nasal sprays, which is related to nasal mucociliary clearance, retention of a formulation in the nose therefore the therapeutic effect. Area covered The present paper systemically summarized and discussed the factors influencing drug deposition in the nasal cavity upon delivery via nasal sprays, including device, formulation and administration techniques. Emitted dose volume of the device, spray pattern and plume geometry, droplet size distribution and velocity of emitted droplets were important device factors influencing nasal deposition. Besides, viscosity, thixotropic property and surface tension were considered to be the formulation factors influencing nasal deposition of spray. In addition, administration technique influencing nasal deposition included head orientation, administration angle, insertion depth of spray nozzle and breathing profile. Meanwhile, the imaging methods used to predict and visualize the deposition of nasal formulation was illustrated. Expert opinion The review provided important theoretical and experimental knowledge to control the deposition pattern of nasal sprays in order to achieve better therapeutic effect in the clinic. Keywords Nasal sprays · Deposition · Device · Formulation · Characterization
Introduction Nasal cavity is characterized by porous epitheliums, large absorption area, rich subcutaneous blood vessels and low enzyme activity, which made it an advantageous administration route for rapid drug absorption and fast onset of action, with high drug permeability and avoidance of hepatic first-pass effect. It is not only suitable for local therapy of nasal diseases but also a novel delivery route for systemic drug delivery. Especially, some studies indicated that nasal drug delivery enhanced the bioavailability of many macromolecular drugs via different formulation strategies (Gao et al. 2019; Khafagy et al. 2010). Moreover, nasal drug delivery is regarded as a beneficial drug delivery route for the therapy of central nervous diseases due to the transport of drugs into the brain through the olfactory, trigeminal and * Shirui Mao [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
vascular pathway. Additionally, it is also applied for vaccination, which induces both humoral and cell mediated immune responses with low doses (Tlaxca et al. 2015). Therefore, as a noninva
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