Factors of Formation of Communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on the Periphery of the Mass Distribution Zone
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ors of Formation of Communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on the Periphery of the Mass Distribution Zone L. A. Arepieva* Kursk State University, Kursk, 305000 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 7, 2019; revised March 15, 2019; accepted March 22, 2019
Abstract—The aim of this study is to identify the main environmental factors of the formation of plant communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. on the periphery of the mass distribution zone in the Central Chernozem region. Four types of communities with Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were identified in the study area. Their ecological determination is demonstrated as a result of the analysis of different species and species with the greatest activity by identifying differences in ecological regimes of habitats and DCA-ordination of relevés. Habitat disturbance is a leading factor in the formation of these studied phytocenoses. The degree of habitat disturbance affects the abundance of Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Monodominant communities with the species are formed on severely disturbed sites with sparse vegetation cover. In ruderal phytocenoses with denser herbage, ambrosia is not abundant, but can it be present in them for a long time due to their periodic disturbances. Moisture of soils and substrates is the second strongest factor influencing the differentiation of communities. The studied communities are formed on a rather wide gradient of this factor. In the study area, we identified not only xerophytic communities common in many regions of Central and Eastern Europe, but also communities emerging in coastal ecotopes with variable moisture regimes. These phytocenoses are formed in sites disturbed both under human influence and under the influence of natural factors such as river spills or heavy rains. As a result, along with xerothermic technogenic ecotopes, banks of rivers are habitats of phytocenoses with high density of Ambrosia artemisiifolia. Keywords: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., communities, different and dominant species, ecological scales, ordination, ecological factors DOI: 10.1134/S1995425519060027
INTRODUCTION Currently, the distribution of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is becoming global. Over the past decades, many papers showing the results of studies on the negative impact of ragweed pollen on human health, the biological characteristics of the species under various growing conditions, the communities formed by it, the actual and potential distribution area, and methods of dealing with it have been published. Chemical and mechanical methods, which have been partially implemented in different countries, have been developed to control ragweed, but a sustainable strategy to combat its invasion and proliferation, as well as a system of measures to reduce the number in heavily infected areas, is not yet available. Many studies have shown that, due to climate change, the distribution range of ragweed can expand significantly. Currently, the efforts of individual countries to prevent its mass spread are not enough, so there is a need to deve
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