Common Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., an annual herb native to North America, has caused serious threat to native ecosystems, human health, agriculture and livestock breeding in China. In this chapter, we review the damages and invasion mechanisms of this invasive

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Common Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Zhongshi Zhou, Fanghao Wan, and Jianying Guo

Abstract  Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., an annual herb native to North America, has caused serious threat to native ecosystems, human health, agriculture and livestock breeding in China. In this chapter, we review the damages and invasion mechanisms of this invasive weed, as well as research progress in biological control and integrated management in China. Finally, we propose research perspectives on A. artemisiifolia management in the future. Keywords  Ambrosia artemisiifolia • Biological control • Replacement control • Biological control agent • Replacement plant

24.1  Introduction The common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), is an annual herb native to southern parts of North America (Bassett and Crompton 1975). It is one of the most noxious weed in agriculture around the world (Chollet et al. 1999; Brückner et al. 2003; Török et al. 2003; Wan et al. 2005). In China, this weed was unintentionally introduced into southeastern coastal region in the 1930s (Wan et al. 1993), and has raised great awareness as an invasive plants since 1980s. Now, it has spread to 21 provinces in middle and eastern part of the country (Zhou et al. 2009, 2011a) (Fig. 24.1). It is a quarantine agricultural pest in China because of its significantly negative effects on agricultural loss, a notorious allergen to human health and impacts on biodiversity (Wan et al. 1995; Ma et al. 2008b; Ministry of Agriculture of China 2006). Artificial uprooting measure was conducted from late 1980s to early 1990s in order to suppress A. artemisiifolia populations in China. Thereafter, effective herbicides were used. However, despite the availability of chemical and mechanical methods, sustainable control strategies were not available before 2007 (Zhou et al. 2009). In the past decade, biological control of this weed has received more ­attention in China, and several classical biological control programs have been implemented Z. Zhou (*) • F. Wan • J. Guo State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 F. Wan et al. (eds.), Biological Invasions and Its Management in China, Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology 13, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3427-5_7

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Fig. 24.1  Distribution of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Zhou et al. 2015a, b)

(Zhou et al. 2009). Due to the high efficiency, the use of natural enemies has been the sustainable management strategy of A. artemisiifolia in China. In this chapter, we briefly review the damages and invasion mechanisms of this invasive weed in China, as well as the research progress in biological control and IPM.

24.2  Damage of A. artemisiifolia Ambrosia artemisiifolia seeds can mix with crop seeds and then invade crop fields (e.g. corn and soybean fields). It can also invade vegetable fields