Fatty Acid Compositions of Different Equisetum Species
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FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS OF DIFFERENT Equisetum SPECIES
Kagan Kokten,1* Halil Baris Ozel,2 Hikmet Yazici,3 Rabia Iskil,2 and Zafer Kaya2
Horsetail (Equisetum) is an ancient fern whose fossil records date back to the Devonian period [1]. As a result of the studies conducted to date, 15 Equisetum species have been widely accepted around the world. Fifteen currently accepted Equisetum species are defined as two different groups in the genus Equisetum depending on their stoma location. The first of these groups is called Hippochaete. The stomata of Equisetum species that belongs to this group are located under the epiderma cells. Equisetum ramosissimum specie, which is the subject of the research, belongs to this group. The second group is called Equisetum. Equisetum palustre, Equisetum arvense, and Equisetum telmateia species used in the research are also included in this group [2]. This differentiation between the Equisetum species is clearly supported by both morphological and molecular characteristics (chloroplast genes). In addition, the differentiation of the two subgroups is emphasized by the absence of inter-subgeneric hybridization [1]. Besides that, hybridization does not occur between Equisetum and Hippochaete plants very often for various genetic reasons [2]. Since the characters found in the fossil records such as large bodies and permanent teeth are only found in E. giganteum among modern species, E. giganteum is suggested to be the most primitive living member of the genus [3]. Medicinal plants of the Equisetum genus are often used for tea and other therapeutic products in conventional medicine. They are known to be highly effective in the treatment of urinary tract infections, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract infections, and medicinal skin conditions [3]. In our country, Equisetum species are generally used in conventional medicine. As a result of a study conducted by [4], it is suggested that E. telmateia species be used by the public in the treatment of oral infections, acne, rheumatism, pain from broken bones, kidney stones, chronic eczema and fungal diseases, and also used as a diuretic and expectorant [4]. In a study published in 2007, it was reported that E. telmateia species was good for nephritis, kidney stone, asthma, prostate, and arteriosclerosis [5]. Ugurlu and Secmen stated that E. arvense species was used by the public in the treatment of bronchitis and gallbladder inflammation as a traditional medicinal plant [6]. Equisetum arvense L. (Equisetaceae, subgenus Equisetum) is a well-known and common pteridophyte spread in the northern hemisphere. Its sterile bodies are used as medicines in various countries that form the ‘Equiseti herba’ in European Pharmacopoeias [3]. As a result of the studies conducted, E. arvense is known to have diuretic, hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety, and anti-inflammatory activities [7, 8]. In Turkey, a country rich in botanical biodiversity, there is a total of nine horsetail species (E. arvense L., E. f
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