Features of Biocenotic Relations of Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) in the Kazachya Bay of the Black Sea
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ures of Biocenotic Relations of Anadara kagoshimensis (Bivalvia, Arcidae) in the Kazachya Bay of the Black Sea I. P. Bondarev* Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol, 299011 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received May 28, 2019; revised April 4, 2020; accepted May 7, 2020
Abstract—Bivalve mollusk Anadara kagoshimensis is classified among the top 100 dangerous invasive species of the Mediterranean and Black seas. Using as an example the colonization by Anadara of the Kazachya (Cossack) Bay (Crimea, the Black Sea), the article identifies and discusses biocenotic relations of the mollusk with sea bottom substrates, epibionts, potential environmental competitors, and predator Rapana venosa. Relations of A. kagoshimensis to the complex of phytoepibionts and zooepibionts are presented for the first time. It is shown that Anadara can be an edificator and form a specific complex of algoconsorts and zooconsorts, while playing a positive role in increasing and preserving the species diversity in certain areas of the Black Sea. The increase in biomass and diversity of filter feeders following the occurrence of Anadara in the study region argues in favor of its positive effect on the biocenosis. Keywords: biocenosis, macrophytes, mollusks, ecology, epibionts, Black Sea DOI: 10.1134/S2075111720030030
INTRODUCTION A complex of bivalve filter-feeder mollusks is an important component of the Black Sea ecosystems (Zenkevich, 1986). Their potential competitor is a representative of genus Anadara Gray, 1847, which almost simultaneously invaded the Mediterranean and Black seas about 50 years ago and which identification to species was a subject of debate (Lutaenko, 2006, 2015; Revkov, 2016; Anistratenko et al., 2014). Anadara that colonized the Black Sea was confirmed by modern genetic studies using barcoding to exhibit 99.8–100% similarity to Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) from Japan (Krapal et al., 2014). The DNA studies of the specimens from Adriatic Sea also confirmed their correspondence to A. kagoshimensis from the Sea of Japan (Strafella et al., 2018). Therefore, the invader’s earlier identities Scapharca cornea (Reeve, 1844) and Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789) in reality belong to separate species not reported from the Mediterranean and Black seas (Krapal et al., 2014; Lutaenko, 2015; Strafella et al., 2018). The scientific community expresses a fairly consolidated view in terms of the negative impact of invader species on particular indigenous species and biocenoses of the marine ecosystems. This concerns not only predators but also first-level consumers, competing for space and food resources (Perrings et al., 2002; Streftaris and Zenetos, 2006). A. kagoshimensis identified as A. inaequivalvis is included in the 100 “worst invasives” for the Mediterranean Sea (Streftaris and
Zenetos, 2006). A. kagoshimensis is additionally reported among the 100 most dangerous invasive species of Russia (Soldatov et al., 2018). At the same time, in terms of occ
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