Factors influencing storm surges in the West Korean Bay of the Yellow Sea: a case study of typhoon Winnie, 1997
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Factors influencing storm surges in the West Korean Bay of the Yellow Sea: a case study of typhoon Winnie, 1997 Chun-Ok Pak 1 & Jong-Song Jo 1
&
Ho-Jong Choi 1 & Du-Yon Ri 2
Received: 16 October 2018 / Revised: 5 November 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Coastal disasters due to storms and related prevention and prediction are key issues in coastal environmental management and planning. In the present study, the coupled storm surge–tide–wave model has been used for studying the effects of several factors on the storm surges in the West Korean Bay during the 1997 Winnie. The results have shown that the coupled model is capable of predicting the total water level under storm events with reasonable accuracy. The results have also shown that the river discharge plays an important role in the storm surge development. The peak surges at stations 1 and 2 located in the river estuaries were 0.2– 1.5 m larger than those at the stations 3 and 4. Especially, the peak surge at the station 3 located in the Taedong River estuary was much smaller compared to those at the stations 1 and 2, due to the control of the river discharge by barrages such as the West Sea Barrage. The peak surge at the station 1 located in the Amrok River estuary was 12% larger than that at the station 2 located in the Chongchon River estuary, due to the considerable difference in the river discharges. In summary, our results have shown that integrating the coupled storm surge–tide–wave model technology with the real-time river discharge forecast is feasible for predicting the inundation under both storm surge and riverine floods for the West Korean Bay. Keywords Storm surge . River discharge . Tide . Wave . Coupled model . West Korean Bay
Introduction Climate change has resulted in increasing the occurrence and intensity of storm surges, inundating low-lying coastal regions, and degrading coastal ecosystem. Storms such as typhoon are a major form of natural disturbance in coastal environments in temperate regions (Wang et al. 2016). Coastal disasters due to storms and related prevention and prediction are key issues in coastal environmental management and planning. Storm surges, which are generally caused by low atmospheric pressure, strong surface winds and extreme waves, may lead to serious environmental damages such as coastal erosion and flooding. Coastal disasters result from flooding of low-lying land or coastal erosion when storm surges combine with high spring tides, river floods and/or large waves * Jong-Song Jo [email protected] 1
Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
2
Department of Marine Observation, State Hydro-Meteorological Administration (SHMA), Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
(Stephens et al. 2017). Many cities in the world are located in coastal regions because land is flat and fertile which is suitable for urban and agricultural developments. During storm events, urban floods occur when
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