Feedback Amplifiers Theory and Design
Feedback Amplifiers: Theory and Design deals with feedback and feedback amplifiers. Although this topic has been extensively investigated over the years, theoretically exact and at the same time sufficiently simple and well organized material is not, to t
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Feedback Amplifiers Theory and Design by
Gaetano Palumbo University of Catania
and
Salvatore Pennisi University of Catania
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-48042-5 0-7923-7643-9
©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at:
http://kluweronline.com http://ebooks.kluweronline.com
To our families: Michela and Francesca Stefania, Francesco, and Valeria
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION TO DEVICE MODELING (by Gianluca Giustolisi) 1.1 DOPED SILICON 1.2 DIODES 1.2.1 Reverse Bias Condition 1.2.2 Graded Junctions 1.2.3 Forward Bias Condition 1.2.4 Diode Small Signal Model 1.3 MOS TRANSISTORS 1.3.1 Basic Operation 1.3.2 Triode or Linear Region 1.3.3 Saturation or Active Region 1.3.4 Body Effect 1.3.5 p-channel Transistors 1.3.6 Saturation Region Small Signal Model 1.3.7 Triode Region Small Signal Model 1.3.8 Cutoff Region Small Signal Model 1.3.9 Second Order Effects in MOSFET Modeling 1.3.10Sub-threshold Region 1.4 BIPOLAR-JUNCTION TRANSISTORS 1.4.1 Basic Operation 1.4.2 Early Effect or Base Width Modulation 1.4.3 Saturation Region 1.4.4 Charge Stored in the Active Region 1.4.5 Active Region Small Signal Model REFERENCES 2. SINGLE TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATIONS 2.1 THE GENERIC ACTIVE COMPONENT 2.2 AC SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM AND LINEAR ANALYSIS 2.3 COMMON X (EMITTER/SOURCE) CONFIGURATION 2.4 COMMON X WITH DEGENERATIVE RESISTANCE 2.5 COMMON Y (BASE/GATE) 2.6 COMMON Z (COLLECTOR/DRAIN) 2.7 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF SINGLE TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATIONS
xi xiii 1 1 2 5 6 7 9 9 10 12 14 15 16 16 21 23 24 28 29 31 32 33 33 34 36 37 37 39 41 42 48 51 54
viii 2.7.1 Common X Configuration 2.7.2 Common X with a Degenerative Resistance 2.7.3 Common Y and Common Z Configurations
55 56 61
3. FEEDBACK 3.1 METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF FEEDBACK CIRCUITS 3.2 SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH ANALYSIS 3.3 THE ROSENSTARK METHOD 3.4 THE CHOMA METHOD 3.5 THE BLACKMAN THEOREM
63 64 67 69 72 74
4. STABILITY - FREQUENCY AND STEP RESPONSE 4.1 ONE-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 4.2 TWO-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 4.3 TWO-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS WITH A POLEZERO DOUBLET 4.4 THREE-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS WITH REAL POLES 4.5 THREE-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS WITH A PAIR OF COMPLEX AND CONJUGATE POLES 4.6 TWO-POLE FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS WITH A ZERO
77 78 82 92
100
5. FREQUENCY COMPENSATION TECHNIQUES 5.1 DOMINANT-POLE COMPENSATION 5.2 MILLER (POLE-SPLITTING) COMPENSATION 5.3 COMPENSATION OF THE MILLER RHP ZERO 5.3.1 Nulling Resistor 5.3.2 Voltage Buffer 5.3.3 Current Buffer 5.4 NESTED MILLER COMPENSATION 5.4.1 General Features 5.4.2 RHP Cancellation with Nulling Resistors 5.5 REVERSED NESTED MILLER COMPENSATION 5.5.1 General Features 5.5.2 RH
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