Structured Electronic Design Negative-Feedback Amplifiers
Analog design is one of the more difficult aspects of electrical engineering. The main reason is the apparently vague decisions an experienced designer makes in optimizing his circuit. To enable fresh designers, like students electrical engineering, to be
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Structured Electronic Design Negative-feedback amplifiers by
C.J.M. Verhoeven Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
A. van Staveren Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
G.L.E. Monna SystemtematIC Design B.V., Delft, The Netherlands
M.H.L. Kouwenhoven National Semiconductor Corporation, Delft, The Netherlands and
E. Yildiz Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-48732-2 1-4020-7590-1
©2004 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. Print ©2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America
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Contents
Preface
xiii
1. INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURED ELECTRONIC DESIGN
1
1.1
Searching the “circuit space”
1
1.2
Circuit performance 1.2.1 Fundamental specifications
3 4
1.3
Fast synthesis 1.3.1 Orthogonality 1.3.2 Model simplification 1.3.3 Hierarchy 1.3.4 Summary
5 5 7 7 8
1.4
Synthesis of electronic circuits 1.4.1 Implementation limitations 1.4.2 Specifications
8 9 11
1.5
Small-signal models, biasing and distortion 1.5.1 Models 1.5.2 Biasing 1.5.3 Distortion 1.5.4 Checking device parameters
13 13 14 17 18
1.6
The chain matrix 1.6.1 Chain matrices of devices
21 22
1.7
Exercises
24
2. SYNTHESIS OF ACCURATE AMPLIFIERS
27
2.1
Introduction
27
2.2
The definition of an amplifier 2.2.1 Configurations for high-performance amplifiers v
29 29
vi
CONTENTS
2.2.2 2.3 2.4
The nullor
The asymptotic-gain model The synthesis of 2.4.1 Step 1: The determination of the input and output quantities 2.4.2 Step 2: The synthesis of the feedback network
32 34 35 35 37
2.5
The next steps: Synthesis of the nullor
39
2.6
40 40 41 43 44 47
2.7
Topology synthesis of the nullor 2.6.1 The cascade topology 2.6.2 Two-ports with active devices 2.6.3 Replacing the nullator and the norator 2.6.4 The ideal substitution and the practical situation 2.6.5 The current mirror as a stage in the nullor circuit Step 3: Design of the first nullor stage: noise
2.8
Step 4: Design of the last nullor stage: distortion
50
Step 5: 2.9.1 2.9.2 2.9.3 2.10 Step 6: 2.9
Bandwidth optimization Bandwidth estimation The actual frequency compensation Model refinement Biasing
2.11 A note on current conveyors 2.12 Exercises 3. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK
49 51 51 53 53 54 56 58 67
3.1 3.2
Introduction Accurate transfer 3.2.1 Negative feedback 3.2.2 Adaptation to source and load
3.3 3.4
The Asymptotic-Gain model Transfer of an amplifier
3.5
Nullor feedback networks
72
3.6
Feedback networks 3.6.1 Transformer and gyrator networks 3.6.2 Passive single-loop feedback by one port elements 3.6.3 Indirect feedback 3.6.4 Active feed
