Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems Part 2 Animals and Systems Analysis
Animals are important components of any ecosystem and it is impossible to describe structure and funCtioning of the Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems without including this part of the system. However, the strong diversity between functionally highly differ
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Volume 17
Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems Part 2 Animals and Systems Analysis
Edited by F. E. Wielgolaski Editorial Board P. Kallio, H. Kauri, E. 0stbye, and T. Rosswall
With 81 Figures and 97 Tables
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1975
The picture on the cover is a simplified version of Fig. 1 on p. 4 of Ecological Studies, Vol. 16: Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystem, Part I.
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66278-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-66276-8
e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66276-8
Distributed in the British Commonwealth Market by Chapman & Hall Limited, London. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. (Revised). Main entry under title: Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems. (Ecological studies; v. 16-17). Bibliography: p. Includes index. CONTENTS: pt. I. Plants and microorganisms. - pt. 2. Animals and systems analysis. I. Tundra ecology - Scandinavia. 2. Tundra ecology - Finland. I. Wielgolaski, F. E., 1931- II. Kallio, Paavo. III. Rosswall, Thomas. IV. Series. QH164.F45 574.5'264 75-4809 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproducing by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount ofthe fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1975 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1975 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Preface
Animals are important components of any ecosystem and it is impossible to describe structure and funCtioning of the Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems without including this part of the system. However, the strong diversity between functionally highly different fauna groups makes it impossible to study all groups in great detail with the funds and expertise available in Fennoscandia. Relatively few productivity studies were carried out on animals in Fennoscandian tundra regions before the IBP projects started in 1969-1970. Within IBP, more fauna groups have been investigated in the Norwegian tundra project than in the other countries, due to better financial support. Even in Norway, however, only a limited number of invertebrate and vertebrate taxons is studied. General lack of information on the same animals in various parts of the Fennoscandian tundra makes it more difficult to present structural and functional comparisons of fauna for the whole region than in plants and microorganisms (see Part 1 of Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems). Brief surveys on faunal problems within the area are given in the introduction to the animal section, and general aspects are also discussed in the four first papers of the volume. Fennosc
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