DNA Analysis of Domestic Animals
The chapter describes utility and advancements in forensic DNA analysis of nonhuman evidences. Published markers and presently utilized molecular techniques for analyzing nonhuman DNA analysis are described in detail. The chapter also presents an extensiv
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Kamlesh Kaitholia, Pushpesh Kushwaha, Manisha Rana, Ila Gautam, and Ankit Srivastava
Abstract
The chapter describes utility and advancements in forensic DNA analysis of nonhuman evidences. Published markers and presently utilized molecular techniques for analyzing nonhuman DNA analysis are described in detail. The chapter also presents an extensive review of literature available on forensic DNA typing of domestic animals. Keywords
STR · DNA · Forensic · Nonhuman · DNA markers
K. Kaitholia (*) · I. Gautam DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Department of Home (Police), Govt. of MP, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India P. Kushwaha DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Department of Home (Police), Govt. of MP, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India M. Rana DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Department of Home (Police), Govt. of MP, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India A. Srivastava Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 P. Shrivastava et al. (eds.), Forensic DNA Typing: Principles, Applications and Advancements, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6655-4_19
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Introduction
DNA typing has emerged as an imperative technique in forensic investigation for human identification since decades and is now augmenting its application toward nonhuman genetic analysis. Among various developments and landmarks in the field of forensic genetics, recent concept of animal DNA analysis is emerging as an advantageous, accessible, and decisive technique (Oldt et al. 2016). Examination of nonhuman (or animal)-based evidence present at crime scenes can be an influential source of information related with the crime, victim, or perpetrator (Cassidy and Gonzales 2005). Genetic evidences from domestic animals are substantial for identification and individualization purposes in cases where such animals are either the suspect (as is cases of animal attacks, road accidents) or victims (as in animal theft and animal abuse). Applications also expand to food contamination, illicit trading, and sexual crimes (Fig. 19.1). Genetic analysis of animal evidence can be useful in constructing links among victims, perpetrators, and/or crime scenes. Duguay (1994) of Prince Edward Island, Canada was the first reported case in which genetic testing of animal biological materials served as the prime evidence. A leather jacket stained with victim’s blood was found at the woods of the island. However, there were no evidences that could establish the link of the key suspect (victim’s divorced husband) to the leather jacket. Numerous strands of nonhuman white hair embedded on the jacket were collected and their genetic analysis concluded that the white hairs
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