Ferroelectric and Magnetic Characterization of Ferroic Pb(Fe 0.5 Nb 0.5 )O 3 Ceramics
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Ferroelectric and Magnetic Characterization of Ferroic Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 Ceramics Oscar Raymond1, Reynaldo Font2, Guillermo Alvarez3, Jorge Portelles2, Gopalan Srinivasan4, and Jesús M. Siqueiros1 1 Propiedades Opticas, Centro de Ciencias de la Materia Condensada-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107, Carretera Tijuana Ensenada., Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico 2 Facultad de Física, Universidad de la Habana, San Lázaro y L, Vedado, La Habana, 10400, Cuba 3 Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Cd. Universitaria, Col. Copilco el Alto, Del. Coyoacan, Distrito Federal, 04510, Mexico 4 Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309-4401 ABSTRACT Single phase multifunctional materials such as Pb(Fe0.5 Nb0.5)O3 (PFN), where ferroelectric and magnetic order coexist, are very promising and have great interest from the academic and technological points of view. PFN ceramics have been prepared from different kinds of FeNbO4 precursors with either monoclinic or orthorhombic structures. Crystallographic, compositional and surface morphological studies and the temperature-frequency response carried out and reported in previous works are summarized. Ferroelectric hysteretic, magnetic and magnetoelectric behaviors were measured. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (EC) as functions of temperature and external electric fields (Eext) were determined. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility (χm) exhibited antiferromagnetic order and, above the Néel point near 122 °K, Curie–Weis behavior; whereas a weak ferromagnetic observed from electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is discussed. However, magnetoelectric effects were not observed. Ferroelectric and magnetic behaviors, as functions of the kind of precursor used in the preparation, are discussed and correlated with the previous dielectric characterization where microstructural and equivalent circuit models were established using the impedance spectroscopy technique. INTRODUCTION Multiferroic materials are single-component materials or composites exhibiting two or more ferroic features such as ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, or ferroelasticity/shape-memory effects. They are of great scientific and technological interest due to their unusual responses, including very large magneto-electric susceptibility, giant magnetostriction, and energy coupling coefficients approaching one; in particular, the study of the coupling between electrical and magnetic ordering where a change in the ferroelectric state or an external electric field induce a change in the magnetic properties have special interest for the design of news actuators, transducers, and storage devices [1-13]. Many ferroelectric compounds with perovskite structure [ A ′A ′′(B′B′′)O 3 ] in which electric and magnetic order coexist have been widely investigated and found application particularly in new devices such as non volatile memory or ferroelectromagnetic devices [1-3,10-18]. Lead iron niobate [Pb(Fe1/2Nb
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