Fiber up-taper assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer for high sensitive temperature sensing
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Fiber up-taper assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer for high sensitive temperature sensing Lili MAO1,2, Qizhen SUN1,2, Ping LU (✉)1,2, Zefeng LAO3, Deming LIU1,2 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2 College of Optical and electronic information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 3 College of Electrical and electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract A new in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor consisting of a stub of multi-mode fiber and an up-taper was proposed and demonstrated. Temperature measurement can be carried out by detecting wavelength shift. Dependency of sensitivity on interferometer length and dip wavelength was discussed. Experimental results showed a maximum temperature sensitivity of 113.6 pm/°C can be achieved, which is superior to most fiber temperature sensors based on in-line MZIs within the range from 20°C to 80°C, also a good mechanical strength can be obtained. The proposed sensor is a good candidate for temperature measurement, due to the advantages of simple structure, easy fabrication, costeffective and high sensitivity. Keywords fiber sensor, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), multimode fiber (MMF), up-taper
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Introduction
Fiber-optic temperature sensors have become increasingly important in various sensing and monitoring applications due to distinctive advantages, such as immunity to electromagnetic interference, lightweight, durability against harsh environments, high sensitivity and resolution [1]. Various fiber-optic temperature sensors have been proposed using different technologies, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) [2], long period grating (LPG) [3] and various interferometers including fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities [4–7], Michelson interferometers [8,9], Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) [10–19] and Sagnac Received June 19, 2014; accepted September 4, 2014 E-mail: [email protected]
interferometer [20–23]. Temperature sensors based on grating need expensive ultraviolet light laser, phase masks, also they suffer from erasing problem under high temperature. Those based on Fabry-Pérot interferometery are usually need expensive femotosecond laser or complicated fabrication process. For in-fiber MZIs, the extreme simple structure, easy fabrication and low-cost are attractive features among fiber sensors. Many techniques have been proposed by researchers. Jasim et al. [10] presented a temperature sensor through further tapering a microfiber. Nguyen et al. [11] reported a high temperature fiber sensor by splicing a section of single mode fiber (SMF) with two short sections of multimode fibers (MMFs). Lu and Chen [12] demonstrated a femtosecond laser micromachined fiber MZI consists of a micromachined spot cascaded with a taper for sensing. Lu’s group [13] also proposed a tapered SMF for simultaneous m
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