Highly sensitive nonlinear photonic crystal fiber based sensor for chemical sensing applications
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Highly sensitive nonlinear photonic crystal fiber based sensor for chemical sensing applications Mahmoud M. A. Eid1 • Md. Ahasan Habib2 • Md. Shamim Anower2 • Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed3 Received: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study has reported an extremely high sensitive and nonlinear chemical sensor based on photonic crystal fiber is presented with numerical investigation. In order to reduce fabrication complexity, the proposed chemical detector is designed with circular air holes. To calculate the guiding characteristics, finite element method based Comsol software is used. Different types of commonly used materials are used as background material of that proposed sensor to ensure maximum relative sensitivity to the chemicals. The simulation results confirms that, very high relative sensitivity of 97.89%, 96.31%, 91.87% and 88.93% for benzene, chloroform, ethanol and water respectively at 1.55 lm of optical signal. Moreover the proposed chemical sensor offers negligible confinement loss of around 10–10 dB/m for all sensing analytes. In addition, other important characteristics such as numerical aperture, nonlinearity are discussed in detail. The wavelength dependent light guiding characteristics for the solid materials and the sample under test is used in simulation to ensure better accuracy and to create real life environment.
1 Introduction In the last few decades, Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) have gained huge recognition for its special characteristics in the field of optics and photonics (Hansen 2001; Reeves et al. 2002; Habib et al. 2017). It was used as optical channel only for optical communication system (Faruk et al. 2019). With the passage of time the scientist proved that the PCFs can be effectively implemented in different
& Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed [email protected] Mahmoud M. A. Eid [email protected] Md. Ahasan Habib [email protected] Md. Shamim Anower [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Kazla6204, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
3
Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32951, Egypt
promising applications like nonlinear optics (Travers et al. 2011), high power technology (Robin et al. 2012), sensing and imaging (Habib 2020; Lobo Ribeiro et al. 2019; Ling et al. 2005), biomedical applications (Gail McConnell and Erling Riis 2004; Bondu et al. 2016; Vaiano et al. 2016), spectrometry (Knabe et al. 2009), supercontinuum generation (Wadsworth et al. 2002), laser applications (Humbert et al. 2004), chemical sensing (Habib et al. 2020; Islam et al. 2019, 2018a) and remote sensing applications (Liu et al. 2017, 2018; Konorov et al. 2005) etc. Very recently, differ
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