Field measurements on alluvial watercourses in light of numerical modeling: case studies on the Danube River
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(2021) 193:6
Field measurements on alluvial watercourses in light of numerical modeling: case studies on the Danube River Zoltan Horvat · Mirjana Horvat Fruzsina Majer
· D´aniel Koch ·
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Adequate monitoring and data acquisition of proper hydraulic, sediment, and constituent parameters in alluvial watercourses have become crucial aspects of human interaction with the environment. Conducting well-organized, comprehensive, and meaningful field measurements on natural watercourses are of great importance when assessing its hydraulic, morphological, and ecological state. However, this paper presents a methodology for field measurements on alluvial watercourses in light of numerical modeling. The proposed methodology focuses on collecting field data sets to calibrate numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport. The proposed approach targets the simultaneous measurement of hydraulic, sediment transport, and heavy metal transport parameters that are key for calibrating constants and exchange mechanisms in contemporary numerical models. Using the principles Z. Horvat · M. Horvat () Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Kozaracka 2a, 24000 Subotica, Serbia e-mail: [email protected] Z. Horvat e-mail: [email protected] D. Koch · F. Majer Faculty of Water Sciences, National University of Public Service, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky street 12-14, H-6500 Baja, Hungary D. Koch e-mail: [email protected] F. Majer e-mail: [email protected]
laid out in this paper, two sets of measurements were carried out on the Danube River, one on a reach near Moh´acs in Hungary and the other on a reach near Belgrade in Serbia. The first case study discusses the measurement and results of comprehensive hydraulic and sediment parameters. The second case study considers hydraulic and sediment measurements complemented with trace metal measurements for zinc, lead, and mercury. These measurements were used for calibrating numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport, as a proof of concept. It has been demonstrated that the gathered data sets contain key parameters that are strongly linked through physical laws and are needed for calibration purposes, as well as parameters that can allow the newly calibrated coefficients to be confirmed through other measured phenomena. Therefore, the proposed methodology provides minimal data sets with detailed measurements for calibrating numerical models for flow, sediment, and heavy metal transport. Guidelines for future measurements that can suffice the increasing need for numerical modeling and monitoring of natural watercourses are also offered. Keywords Field measurements · Hydraulic parameters · Sediment · Heavy metals · Danube River
Introduction Proper monitoring and data gathering of hydraulic, sediment, and constituent parameters in alluvial
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Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
watercourses is an increasingly im
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