Financial and Economic Analysis of Reduced Impact Logging
Concern regarding extensive damage to tropical forests resulting from logging increased dramatically after World War II when mechanized logging systems developed in industrialized countries were deployed in the tropics. As a consequence, tropical forester
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Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reduced Impact Logging Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial Comparison of Conventional and Reduced Impact Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Side-by-Side Comparisons of RIL and CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bioeconomic Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Concern regarding extensive damage to tropical forests resulting from logging increased dramatically after World War II when mechanized logging systems developed in industrialized countries were deployed in the tropics. As a consequence, tropical foresters began developing logging procedures that were more environmentally benign, and by the 1990s, these practices began to be described as “reduced-impact logging” (RIL) systems. As scientific evidence accumulated demonstrating that RIL techniques could substantially reduce logging impacts on the residual forest relative to conventional logging (CL), attention turned to understanding the financial conditions under which logging firms would choose to implement RIL. While most studies conducted in Latin America show that RIL is financially competitive or superior to CL, research in Southeast Asia and Africa suggests that economic incentives will likely be required to induce
T. Holmes (*) USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, Asheville, NC, USA e-mail: [email protected] # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA) 2016 L. Pancel, M. Ko¨hl (eds.), Tropical Forestry Handbook, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-54601-3_223
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logging firms to adopt RIL. One approach that appears promising to promote better logging practices in the tropics is to offer payments for the incremental carbon retained by RIL systems. Keywords
Bioeconomic models • Carbon payments • Forest damage • Forest resilience • Sustainable tropical forest management
Introduction The prevalence of destructive logging practices in the tropics exhibits a severe disregard for future forest productivity and a “dictatorship of the present” (Chichilnisky 1997) over future generations. Although a similar myopia was evidenced in the forest history of the United States and other industrialized countries, the loss of tropical forest biodiversity (Gibson et al
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