First MRS Workshops Cover Tribology and Advances in Thin Film Simulations and Experimental Verification
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First MRS Workshops Cover Tribology and Advances in Thin Film Simulations and Experimental Verification At the inaugural Materials Research Society (MRS) W o r k s h o p s held June 20-25, 1999, in San Jose, California, materials researchers enjoyed the opportunity to focus on issues surrounding the fields of tribology and advances in thin film simulations and experimental verification, as they identified research directions and challenges. The topics, each receiving three days of focused and interactive exploration, were presented in a series of invited talks by key players in the field, interspersed with discussion periods and poster sessions that facilitated interaction among the participants. Attendees further enjoyed ample opportunity to network over meals and coffee breaks at the Fairmont Hotel where the sessions were held. From surface science to geology and from mathematics to industrial materials processing, the defining interdisciplinarity of MRS was a strong element of the workshops. The focused sessions without competing activities gave coherence to the workshop, which allowed discussions to grow and new ideas to simmer and gel. In the first w o r k s h o p held Sunday through Tuesday on Tribology on the 300th Anniversary of Amontons' Law, organized by Michael D. Drory (Timken Aerospace-MPB) and Mark O. Robbins (Johns Hopkins University), 40 scientists convened for an interdisciplinary meeting with their colleagues from industry, universities, and national laboratories. One of the founding concepts of tribology is Amontons' Law, stated in 1699, that friction force is proportional to load. This provided a central theme to discuss friction and wear problems on scales ranging from the atomic to geologic, and to incorporate nearly all classes of materials, from liquid lubricants to quasicrystals. At the atomic level, experimental talks described new measurements of friction between surfaces with controlled geometry, orientation, and surface chemistry. Simulation talks described detailed mechanisms of boundary lubrication by grafted hydrocarbon films and suggested a possible origin for the widespread observation of static friction. Calculations and measurements at intermediate length scales exposed the role of plastic and viscoelastic deformation below the contact in determining the area of contact and frictional dissipation. At the macroscopic scale, talks provided new u n d e r s t a n d i n g of the flow of sand, and the complex distribution of contacts between macroscopic surfaces (see Figure 1) and their evolution with MRS BULLETIN/OCTOBER 1999
Figure 1. Photomicrograph shows areas of intimate contact (bright spots) between abraded acrylic and soda-lime glass at 10 MPa pressure. This technique is used to study the evolution of contacts in order to understand friction between rock faces in geologic systems and its role in earthquakes. (Courtesy of J.H. Dieterich, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.)
time, pressure, and velocity. The relation to the stick-slip motion that produces squeaks in
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