First record of field dodder ( Cuscuta campestris ) parasitizing invasive buffalobur ( Solanum rostratum )
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First record of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris) parasitizing invasive buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) Wei-Bin Wang 1,2 & Fan-Fan Gao 1 & Mei-Ni Shao 2,3 & Ming-Chao Liu 2,3 & Hong-Feng Zhai 2,3 & Bo Qu 2,3 & Yu-Long Feng 2,3 Received: 25 October 2019 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Solanum rostratum (buffalobur) is one of the infamous invasive cosmopolitan weeds. Until now, however, there is no efficient method to control this weed. To find potential biological control agents for it, we carried out field surveys in Northeast China, and tested effects of a potential agent on buffalobur and their structural connection in both fields and chambers. A dodder was observed on buffalobur in two adjacent poplar woodlands along Daling River, Liaoning Province in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The orange leafless twining dodder stems tightly entwined the stems and petioles of buffalobur, spread aggressively among buffalobur individuals, greatly inhibiting growth and reproduction of this weed. The dodder could also inhibit growth of this weed in chambers. Structural connection between the dodder and the buffalobur seedlings grown in a chamber was observed clearly using a paraffin sectioning, providing direct evidence for the parasitic relationship. The dodder was identified as holoparasite Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) based on its floral morphology and sequences of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. To the best of our knowlege, this is the first record of field dodder parasitizing the invasive buffalobur in the world. Keywords Cuscuta campestris . Invasive hosts . ITS2 . Parasitic plants . Solanum rostratum
Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum Dunal), a self-compatible annual herb in Solanaceae, is thought to be originated in central Mexico highlands (Whalen 1979), then spread out into USA and many other countries in Eurasia, Africa and Oceania, known as a “cosmopolitan weed”. In China, it was first found in Hongkong in 1895, then in Baicheng, Jilin Province in 1980, and now this plant has spread into many provinces (Ma 2013; Xu et al. 2012). It has been listed in the first batch of invasive alien species under state key management (MAG. CHN 2013) and the fourth batch of invasive alien species in natural ecosystems in China (MEE. CHN 2017). Its typical
* Yu-Long Feng [email protected]; [email protected] 1
College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
2
Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
3
College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
taproots, which is composed of developed main roots with fibrils and less lateral roots, make the mature buffalobur plants easily tumbled by wind as well as animals in autumn, and form tumbleweed (Pammel 1903). The irregular kidneyshaped seeds o
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