Weeds as alternate hosts of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria and X. campestris pv. campestris in vegetable-gr
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Weeds as alternate hosts of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria and X. campestris pv. campestris in vegetable-growing fields in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil Leandro V. S. Santos 1 & Edilaine A. Melo 1 & Adriano M. F. Silva 1 & Kátia C. S. Félix 1 & Alice M. Quezado-Duval 2 & Greecy M. R. Albuquerque 1 & Marco A. S. Gama 1 & Elineide B. Souza 3 Received: 28 September 2019 / Revised: 18 March 2020 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 2020
Abstract Plant pathogenic Xanthomonas species attack a wide range of agriculture crops and is capable of surviving on weeds. In this study, Xanthomonas strains obtained from weeds grown withing vegetable crop fields in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, were identified. Bacterial colonies resembling Xanthomonas were obtained from Aeollanthus suaveolens (strain CCRMXe03), Amaranthus lividus (CCRMXe01 and CCRMXe02), Sida glomerata (CCRMXe04), and Emilia fosbergii (CCRMXe04). All weeds but E. fosbergii exhibited lesions on the leaves. Phylogenetic analysis of the gyrB and rpoD genes and PCR-specific assays allowed to identify X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (CCRMXe01, CCRMXe02, CCRMXe03, and CCRMXe04) and X. campestris pv. campestris (CCRMXcc371). All strains but CCRMXe03 were pathogenic to its host of origin. All X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria strains were pathogenic to leaves and fruits of tomato and bell pepper. Two strains, CCRMXe03 and CCRMXe04, were capable of inducing soft rot in fruits. Amylolytic activity was found in all strains and two strains (CCRMXe03 and CCRMXe04) degraded pectate. Strain CCRMXcc371 was pathogenic to cabbage, kale, cauliflower, and broccoli. This work provides new knowledge of hosts for two important plant pathogenic bacteria for vegetable crops. Keywords Aeollanthus suaveolens . Amaranthus lividus . Bacterial spot . Black rot . Source of inoculum . Xanthomonas spp.
Introduction Weeds cause losses in agricultural crop production because they compete with cultivated plants for growth factors (Silva et al. 2006; Karam et al. 2010). In addition, weeds can serve as hosts to pathogenic pests and microorganisms affecting plants of commercial interest (Mileo et al. 2006). Weeds have been considered as sources of inoculum and are associated with the persistence of Xanthomonas species in production fields
* Elineide B. Souza [email protected] 1
Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
2
Embrapa Hortaliças, 70275-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil
3
Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
(Jones et al. 1986; Ignatov et al. 2007; Araújo et al. 2015). Therefore, they may play an important role in the epidemiology of diseases. The genus Xanthomonas comprises a large group of phytopathogenic bacteria that affect a wide range of hosts, including plants of considerable economic importance (Rodriguez-R et al. 2012). The species of Xanthomonas are Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped with a single
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