First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae rot in ripe jack fruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Sri Lanka
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First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae rot in ripe jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) in Sri Lanka Nimal Adikaram1 · Lakshika Manawadu1 · Lalith Jayasinghe1 · Deepthi Yakandawala2 Received: 8 August 2019 / Revised: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract Several ripe jack fruits, harvested from a row of trees grown along the wayside in a 150 acre-fruit cultivation in Madatugama (off Dambulla, Central Province, Sri Lanka), were observed with large, up to about 15 cm diameter, blackish and isolated multiple lesions on the syncarp or the outer peel in June 2018. A black color fungus, associated with the diseased syncarp tissues and inner fruitlets underneath the lesions, was isolated on PDA and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon and Maubl.≡ Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. The disease was diagnosed as Lasiodiplodia fruit rot. This is the first report of the Lasiodiplodia fruit disease in jackfruit in Sri Lanka. Keywords Artocarpus heterophyllus · Lasiodiplodia fruit rot · Jack fruit · Lasiodiplodia theobromae Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Family Moraceae), native to South India, is an important tree crop in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Trees in Asian countries are mostly grown in home gardens (Sangchote et al. 2003). The main economic product is the fruit, but the tree is used for timber, fodder, dyes and traditional medicine (Haq 2006). The young fruits are green or greenish-yellow in color and after ripening, the fruits become yellowish brown. The mature fruit is large, the average weight of the fruit is 5–12 kg, but can weigh up to 50 kg. The fruit at various stages of maturity is consumed as a vegetable. The jack tree is known to be affected by several fungal diseases. The male flowers and young fruits are infected by Rhizopus stolonifer, R. oryzae or R. artocarpi resulting in Rhizopus fruit rot, especially under warm, humid and wet conditions (Pandey et al. 1979). The symptoms at advanced stages are characteristic black, rotten, shrunken, and sometimes mummified fruit. Infection by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the cause of anthracnose, is most common in ripe fruits (Sangchote et al. 2003). Trees are susceptible to brown root and crown rot incited by Phellinus noxius, root * Nimal Adikaram [email protected]; [email protected] 1
National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
2
rots caused by Pythium splendens and Rhizoctonia sp. Phytophthora palmivora is known to cause decline of jack tree with symptoms of trunk cankers, wilting and die-back of the canopy and, in many cases, tree death (Borines et al. 2014). The objective of the present study was to characterize and diagnose the ripe rot observed in the jack fruit and identify the pathogen associated with the disease. Collection of diseased fruits Several ripe jackfruits, harvested from trees grown along the wayside wi
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