Fisheries and biotic homogenization of freshwater fish in the Brazilian semiarid region
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AQUATIC HOMOGENOCENE
Fisheries and biotic homogenization of freshwater fish in the Brazilian semiarid region Marcelo F. G. Brito . Vanessa S. Daga . Jean R. S. Vitule
Received: 27 August 2019 / Revised: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 19 March 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The construction of dams in Brazilian semiarid regions has been a common governmental practice since the early 1900s, initially with the aim of providing water to meet the needs of humans and animals, and, later, to improve fisheries. Along with dams, several nonnative fish species were introduced with the intention of supplying new fisheries. We used a dataset compiled since the 1950s for the following: (i) evaluate fisheries for native and nonnative species across space–time scales and (ii) quantify the spatial and temporal changes in taxonomic and functional similarity of freshwater fish assemblages in semiarid reservoirs. Overall, fisheries for native species decreased over time, while fisheries for nonnative
species increased during the early periods, which then, for the most part, decreased after 2000. At the Interregion scale, we recorded a transition from homogenization to differentiation over time, both in taxonomic and functional terms. At the Intra-region scale, we also found a transition phase from taxonomic homogenization to differentiation over time, while functional differentiation was recorded for most of the regions. This study highlights the variation in fisheries for native and nonnative species over a period of * 70 years, and the homogenization dynamics of Brazil’s semiarid freshwater fish resulting from the construction of dams, stocking programs, and aquaculture using nonnative species.
Guest editors: Andre´ A. Padial, Julian D. Olden & Jean R. S. Vitule / The Aquatic Homogenocene
Keywords Aquaculture production Biological invasions Caatinga fishes Northeastern Brazil Reservoirs
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04236-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. F. G. Brito (&) Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Ecologia e Conservac¸a˜o, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sa˜o Cristo´va˜o, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] V. S. Daga J. R. S. Vitule Laborato´rio de Ecologia e Conservac¸a˜o (LEC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Setor de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Curitiba, Parana´, Brazil
Introduction Arid and semiarid regions cover approximately 36% of the planet’s land surface (Yang & Williams, 2015). In those regions, the mean temperature is high and precipitation is so low that water becomes a limiting factor for biologic processes, especially since precipitation only occurs during variable events over the year and, in general, is infrequent and unpredictable (NoyMeir, 1973). Considering the intense degradation of
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Hydrobiologia
freshwater ecosystems (Reid et al., 2019) and that only 2% of
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