Flexible Carbon-Based Nanogenerators
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Flexible Carbon-Based Nanogenerators Ning-Qin Deng1,2, He Tian1,2, Qing-Tang Xue1,2, Zhe Wang1,2, Hai-Ming Zhao1,2, Shuo Ma1,2, Wen-Tian Mi1,2, Mohammad Ali Mohammad1,2,Yi Yang1,2, Tian-Ling Ren1,2* 1 Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China *[email protected] ABSTRACT Nanogenerators (NGs) have great potential to solve the problems of energy depletion and environmental pollution. Here, two types of flexible nanogenerators (FNGs) based on graphene oxide (GO) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) are presented. The peak output voltage and current of GO based FNG reached up to 2 V and 30 nA, respectively, under 15 N force at 1 Hz. Moreover, the output voltage could be improved to 34.4 V when the frequency was increased to 10 Hz. It was also found the output voltage increased from 0.1 V to 2.0 V using a released GO structure. The other FNG was made by MW-CNTs mixed with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Its output voltage and power reached up to 7.5 V and 18.75 mW, respectively, which is much larger than that of bare ZnO based FNG. Furthermore, a peak voltage of 30 V could be gained by stamping one’s foot on the FNG. Finally, a modified NG was fabricated using four springs and two flexible layers. As a result, the voltage and power reached up to 9 V and 27mW, respectively. These works may bring out broad applications in energy harvesting. INTRODUCTION There are only around half a century for petroleum and natural gas and two centuries for coal to maintain human's consumption on the basis of the speed of the world consumption of fossil fuels [1], so it is very urgent to develop reproducible energies such as solar [2], wind [3], hydro [4], tidal energy [5], etc. In 2006, Zhonglin Wang's group presented pioneering work by using ZnO nanowire arrays as piezoelectric nanogenerators (NGs) [6]. In 2007, a NG based on ZnO nanowires was reported to produce a continuous direct current output when driven by an ultrasonic wave [7]. The output power of this device reached up to 1 pW with the use of a zigzag metal electrode. Moreover, enormous progress has been made in the piezoelectric field [8–15]. In 2010, Dukhyun Choi brought carbon-based materials into the NGs’ research. They investigated a CNT top cathode electrode for TF NGs for enhancing the output current density and system reliability [16]. Besides, Benjamin J. Hansen reported a hybrid NG for concurrently harvesting biomechanical and biochemical Energy [17]. Hyeon-Jin Shinet presented a NG using graphene as electrodes [18]. They used chemical dopants to control the work function of the graphene and investigated their effects on the NG. In addition to graphene, graphene oxide (GO) has also been applied in a lot of research [19–21]. Tailoring the functional groups of GO can extensively modify its electronic structure and chemical properties, enabling its use in various applications. GO super capacitors with ultra-high energy
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