Flexible Electrochromic Poly(thiophene-furan) Film via Electrodeposition with High Stability
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ARTICLE
POLYMER SCIENCE
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-021-2501-7 Chinese J. Polym. Sci.
Flexible Electrochromic Poly(thiophene-furan) Film via Electrodeposition with High Stability Wen-Qian Yao, Pei-Pei Liu, Wei-Qiang Zhou, Xue-Min Duan, Jing-Kun Xu*, Jia-Ji Yang, Shou-Li Ming, Meng Li, and Feng-Xing Jiang* Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
Electronic Supplementary Information Abstract Flexible electrochromic (EC) materials have an urgent demand in the current electronic equipment market due to their technological interest and applications. However, at present, few flexible EC devices developed by industry exist due to some problems and challenges still to be solved such as flexibility. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel thiophene-furan (TFu) monomer via Stille coupling reaction, and facilely electrochemically polymerized in a neutral Bu4NPF6-CH2Cl2 electrolyte system to afford the corresponding poly(thiophene-furan) (PTFu) polymer film with good flexibility. The electrochemical and photoelectrochemical analyses of the as-prepared PTFu demonstrate that it has achieved the improved EC performance compared with pure polyfuran and polythiophene polymers, and as a result it possesses favorable EC parameters manifested as a reasonable ΔT (32.1%), faster response (1.38 s), excellent coloration efficiency (CE, 300.9 cm2·C−1), and after a continuous redox process up to 2000 s, its optical stability can be maintained at 96%, and even after 3000 s, it can still be maintained at 80%. In addition, the successful assembly of the electrochromic device of PTFu film can easily realize the reversible conversion of the color from orange to gray. All these systematic studies suggest that the as-prepared flexible PTFu film is a promising candidate for EC materials and has great potential interest for versatile EC applications. Keywords Organic conjugated polymers; Polyfuran derivatives; Electrochromism; Flexibility; Electrochromic devices Citation: Yao, W. Q.; Liu, P. P.; Zhou, W. Q.; Duan, X. M.; Xu, J. K.; Yang, J. J.; Ming, S. L.; Li, M.; Jiang, F. X. Flexible electrochromic poly(thiophene-furan) film via electrodeposition with high stability. Chinese J. Polym. Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-021-2501-7
INTRODUCTION Electrochromic (EC) materials are broadly defined as those display reversible optical changes accompanied with reversible color changes under the externally applied voltage. In an era of actively advocating and responding to low-carbon energy sources, the research and application of EC materials as clean energy source have become quite significant. So far, in-depth research on EC materials has made considerable progress. The EC materials initially studied are inorganic semiconductors represented by tungsten trioxide (WO3)[1] and nickel oxide (NiO)[2] and other transition metal complexes (such as Prussian blue),[3] and then organic small molecules (such as viologens).[4] Conductive polymers (CPs),
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