Flexible High-pressure Dual-fuel Injector for Future Fuels
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Flexible High-pressure Dual-fuel Injector for Future Fuels As enabling technology for all Power-to-X fuels under discussion, Woodward L’Orange is introducing a new line-up of high-pressure dual-fuel injectors. The technology allows engines to be designed with the power densities and dynamic performance that customers are used to from diesel engines. At the same time, compliance with future emissions regulations, especially regarding methane slip, is achieved.
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INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION
For various reasons there is great uncertainty as to which fuels will be used in the marine sector in the future. More recently, following the 2020 sulfur cap, IMO has adopted the vision of reducing total annual greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping by at least 50 % compared to 2008 levels [1] by 2050. This regulation will deeply impact all segments from high-speed to low-speed engines. It is still open which fuel and which engine technology offers the most future-proof investment. Woodward L’Orange is convinced that their High-pressure Dual-fuel (HPDF) injectors can offer a technology that is ready for several future fuel options and could even cope with fuel switches during the lifetime of the engine. The switch from oil-based fuels to gas offers a benefit with regard to both the sulfur cap and greenhouse gas emissions. The chemical structure of methane (CH4) offers an inherent advantage
AUTHORS
Clemens Senghaas is Director Research and Development at Woodward L’Orange GmbH in Stuttgart (Germany).
Dr. Michael Willmann is Senior Manager Advanced Development and Measurement Engineering at Woodward L’Orange GmbH in Stuttgart (Germany).
Ingmar Berger is Manager Advanced Development at Woodward L’Orange GmbH in Stuttgart (Germany). MTZ worldwide 11|2020
FIGURE 1 Methane slip in homogeneous gas engines (left) compared to high-pressure gas direct injection without methane slip (© L’Orange)
in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions because of its 25 % lower carbon content. However, methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases which has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of GWP100 = 28 (time horizon 100 years) compared to CO2 [2]. Special care has, therefore, to be taken to avoid methane slip in the combustion process. Due to the high GWP, gas engine concepts need to be compared not only on the basis of their CO2 emissions but also based on their total greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, methane emissions have to be weighted by at least the GWP100. On the other hand, taking advantage of the potential of using natural gas would be a huge step toward achieving the IMO greenhouse gas reduction targets. By using this measure in combination with other measures under development, like slow steaming, wind assisted propulsion and efficient hull design, the target appears to be realistic. The use of Powerto-X (PtX) fuels produced from regenerative electrical energy will reduce the greenhouse gas impact even further. Most gas engines today are used for stationary power generation. In these applicatio
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