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Flexible metal-free hybrid hydrogel thermoelectric fibers Jing Liu1, Zhengyou Zhu1,2, Weiqiang Zhou1, Peipei Liu1,3,*, Peng Liu1, Guoqiang Liu1, Jingkun Xu1,*, Qinglin Jiang1,3, and Fengxing Jiang1,* 1

Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China 2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China 3 Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China

Received: 24 October 2019

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 22 January 2020

Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fiber has been developed as a more promising candidate compared with bulk and film to achieve wearable thermoelectric energy harvesting. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nanostructures are considered as an effective conductive filter for the further improvement in the thermoelectric (TE) performance of PEDOT:PSS fibers. However, the previous research primarily focused on PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT films instead of fibers. In this study, PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT hybrid fibers were synthesized via gelation process, which presents a 30% enhancement of the electrical conductivity with negligible changes in Seebeck coefficient. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the Young’s modulus in accordance with the addition of an appropriate amount of SWCNTs. Thereafter, the as-prepared hybrid fibers were treated using ethylene glycol (EG) to further optimize the TE performance. Moreover, the influence of the treatment time and temperature was systematically investigated. The EG treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the electrical conductivity without a significant decrease in the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the hybrid fibers were subject to EG treatment at elevated temperature, whose optimal power factor was approximately 30% higher than that of the EG-treated PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT fibers at 25 °C. This indicates that the solvent treatment at higher temperature improves the TE performance of hybrid fibers. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for the preparation of flexible and metal-free hybrid fiber with enhanced TE performance and Young’s modulus.

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Springer Science+Business

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Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04382-3

J Mater Sci

Introduction The extensive development of wearable electronic device facilitated the progress of self-powering textiles, which involved photovoltaic [1], triboelectric [2], electrochemical [3] and thermoelectric (TE) [4] energy generation and storage techniques. Compared with thin films and bulks, fiber-shaped materials can be widely used in wearable energy supplyi