Flexible OFDM Transceiver for Underwater Acoustic Channel: Modeling, Implementation and Parameter Tuning
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Flexible OFDM Transceiver for Underwater Acoustic Channel: Modeling, Implementation and Parameter Tuning Mohsin Murad1 · Imran A. Tasadduq2 · Pablo Otero1 · Javier Poncela1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Acoustic signals are a first choice in underwater communication since sound waves face very low attenuation in water compared to radio frequency (RF). However, the tendency of receiver to detect multipath signals (due to signals bouncing off surface or the bottom) induces large delay spreads and thus strong channel frequency selectivity. Additionally, rapid spatial and temporal variations in underwater acoustic (UWA) channel makes it hostile for communication systems based on single carrier modulation. Multicarrier modulation techniques, on the other hand, can greatly improve bandwidth utilization and help deal with time dispersal effects. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a proven multicarrier communication system having capabilities to cope with frequency selectivity and delay spreads effectively. OFDM has started to get attention for being a simpler alternative to high complexity and high maintenance single carrier systems in UWA communication systems. This work proposes a Matlab model of an OFDM transceiver along with UWA channel characterization based on Rician shadowed fading model as it perfectly characterizes the way in which a shallow UWA channel behaves. Eventually, the proposed design allows implementation of various OFDM modulation methods and to perform Monte Carlo simulations for bit error rate comparisons together with the ability to tune multiple UWA channel parameters. Keywords OFDM · Channel model · Rician fading · Underwater acoustics · UWA
* Mohsin Murad [email protected] Imran A. Tasadduq [email protected] Pablo Otero [email protected] Javier Poncela [email protected] 1
Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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1 Introduction Wireless underwater communication involves transmitting and receiving data below water without a wired interface. In this type of communication, signals generated by the underwater transmitter are sent to the receiver in the form of sound waves—also called acoustic waves—using hydrophones [1]. Acoustic waves have been reliably used for underwater communication for quite some time as they have relatively lower loss and longer range in underwater environments when compared with electromagnetic waves which require larger antennas and high transmit power [2, 3]. Optical waves, on the other hand, have issues such as absorption and scattering due to turbidity. They do not seem to be an appropriate choice of transmission for long range underwater communication [1, 4]. Since acoustic waves travel at very low speeds—approximately 1500 m/s—this severely limits the rate at which data could be transferred in underwater environments. Another dis
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