FML-ELISA a novel diagnostic method for detection of feline leishmaniasis in two endemic areas of Iran
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
FML-ELISA a novel diagnostic method for detection of feline leishmaniasis in two endemic areas of Iran Faeze Foroughi-Parvar1 Gholamreza Hatam2,3
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Bahador Sarkari2,3
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Qasem Asgari3
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Received: 3 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Although canids are regarded as major reservoir hosts for Leishmania infantum, feline leishmaniasis are reported sporadically from different endemic foci of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Despite the risk of parasite transmission between human and other animals, most of the studies are limited to dogs and few studies are focused to investigate Leishmania sp. among other mammals. This project was aimed to detect L. infantum antibodies of cats in two VL endemic regions of Iran by Fucose Mannose Ligand (FML) and soluble L. infantum antigen (SLA) ELISA. Forty nine stray cats of different age and sex, from Fars and Ardabil provinces (two VL endemic loci of Iran) were sampled, then tested for L. infantum by FML and SLA-ELISA. Sixteen percent (8/49) of cat sera were reported positive by FML-ELISA. SLA-ELISA showed 18.3% (9/48) positive cases in cats. Sensitivity of FMLELISA was calculated 57% and SLA ELISA 25%. Specificity of FML and SLA ELISA were assessed 78% and 68% respectively. Kappa coefficient of agreement between FML and SLA-ELISA was detected on 0.45. As feline leishmaniasis could be a potential risk in endemic areas, FML-ELISA could be considered as an appropriate examination to detect leishmaniasis in cats.
& Gholamreza Hatam [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
3
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Keywords Leishmaniasis FML SLA ELISA Iran
Introduction Visceral Leishmaniasis caused by obligatory intracellular protozoa, Leishmania donovani complex, are endemic in the Indian subcontinent, Eastern Africa, Mediterranean area, Middle East and Latin America (Herwaldt 1999). Leishmania infantum, the causative factor of visceral leishmaniasis in Mediterranean basin, is endemic in south (Fars), north-west (Ardabil and East Azarbaijan) and southwest (Booyerahmad) of Iran (Edrissian et al. 1999; Sarkari et al. 2010; Mohebali et al. 2011). Canids both domestic and wild are regarded as major reservoir hosts for L. infantum but, other animals such as wild rodents and cats might act as infection reservoirs too (Sarkari et al. 2009; Hatam et al. 2010). The first case of feline leishmaniasis was recorded in Algeria from a household cat in 1912 (Maia et al. 2008). Since then, cases of visceral leishmaniasis in cats due to L. infantum were reported sporadically from different area in the world (Pennisi 2002; Savani et al. 2004; Martı´n-Sa´nchez et al. 2007; Solano-Gallego et al. 2007; Mohammadi-Ghale
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