Typical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Ilam province, Iran
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Typical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Ilam province, Iran Fatemeh Shahidi-Hakak1 • Ali Ashraf Aivazi2 • Fariba Mokhtari2 Ali Jalilian2 • Mousa Khosravani3 • Azam Rafatpanah4
•
Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Since Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a problematic parasitic infection in the west of Iran, this study was carried out to clarify the epidemiological aspects of Cl. Our database includes all Cl cases with detailed information during 2014–2018 in Ilam province, west of Iran. Patients referred to health and clinical centers in our study areas then health providers and laboratory technicians took smears to detect leishmania parasites under light microscope. SPSS24 software used for analyzing data by the Chi square test. Mehran and Dehloran districts were alone accounted for 50% of all reported cases. C 36 age group
was dominant cases also housekeepers were at the top of categories in case of occupation. Hand and leg entangled with this infection more than other organs. Moreover, most cases observed in the winter season, and lesions were 1–3 cm in size. Apart from decreasing Cl cases in our study location compared to 2014, building debris around the urban area should be cleaned up concerning standards of hygiene in each phase to keep rodents away. Additionally, citizens at the land border of Iran-Iraq should protect themselves from sand fly biting at least by insect repellent at peak travel times.
& Azam Rafatpanah [email protected]
Keywords Cutaneous leishmaniasis Epidemiology Leishmania major Ilam Iran
Fatemeh Shahidi-Hakak [email protected] Ali Ashraf Aivazi [email protected] Fariba Mokhtari [email protected] Ali Jalilian [email protected] Mousa Khosravani [email protected] 1
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
3
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Research Centre for Health Sciences, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
4
Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, P.O. Box 71645-111, Iran
Introduction Leishmania genus as a protozoan parasite causes Leishmaniasis in the human community. This infection demonstrates in three forms as follows: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) (Khosravani et al. 2016). The greatest numbers of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis cases arise in Asian counties i.e. Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan also in other countries e.g. Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, and, Peru. More than 600,000 cases were reported worldwide each year (World Health Organization 2019). Phlebotomus papatasi and Phlebotomus sergenti (P. sergenti have been approved as the predominant vectors
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