Follow-up Study of Microflora Changes in Crevicular Gingival Fluid in Obese Subjects After Bariatric Surgery
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Follow-up Study of Microflora Changes in Crevicular Gingival Fluid in Obese Subjects After Bariatric Surgery Bettina Balogh 1
&
Sándor Somodi 2 & Miklós Tanyi 3 & Cecília Miszti 4 & Ildikó Márton 1 & Barna Kelentey 1
Received: 12 February 2020 / Revised: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of weight loss on the crevicular microflora following bariatric surgery. Crevicular fluid samples were taken from 57 subjects: 22 were in the normal control group; 18 in the obese control group; and 17 patients had had bariatric surgery, who underwent a repeat sampling 6 to 12 months after the operation. Crevicular fluid samples were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. After surgery and weight loss, the mean germ count increased, albeit not significantly. Also, Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species: C. dubliniensis, C. kefyr, and C. lusitaniae appeared after surgery (p < 0.05) in subjects where Neisseria was either absent throughout or eliminated after surgery. However, periodontitis did not develop during this time in our subjects. Keywords Bariatric surgery . Obesity . Crevicular gingival fluid . Non-albicans Candida species
Introduction Overweight and obesity are ever more common these days, especially in developed countries. The reason why obesity is important in dentistry is because many studies indicate a link between body weight and certain dental diseases. There is evidence that intense adipose tissue accumulation may cause oral inflammatory diseases because hyperinflammatory periodontal tissues react with an accentuated response to infection by periodontal pathogens and therefore, the incidence of periodontitis in the obese is greater than in the average population [1]. Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease which involves continuous destruction of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The role of bacteria in the onset * Bettina Balogh [email protected] 1
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
3
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
4
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
of periodontitis is essential; however, the development, clinical appearance, and level of progression of the disease are influenced by host-related factors. Examples of conditions associated with an increased risk of developing periodontitis include diabetes, smoking, elderly age, and stress [2, 3]. Relative to bacteria, fungi such as various Candida species make up a minor proportion of the oral and crevicular fluid flora. However, their numbers may increase in conditions of nutrient deficiency or reduced immune system function; examples of other factors predisposing to Candida growt
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