Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 1 diabetic children with ging
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in type 1 diabetic children with gingivitis Sultan Keles 1
&
Ahmet Anik 2 & Ozge Cevik 3 & Burcin Irem Abas 3 & Ayse Anik 4
Received: 18 November 2019 / Accepted: 5 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in gingival crevicular fluid of diabetic children with gingivitis. Methodology Eighty-eight children (44 with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 44 systemically healthy) were recruited for the study. The children were divided into four subgroups based on their periodontal and systemic condition: (1) systemically and periodontally healthy children (H), (2) systemically healthy children with gingivitis (G), (3) periodontally healthy children with T1DM (T1DM + H), and (4) children with T1DM and gingivitis (T1DM + G). The plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and GCF volume were recorded. The IL-18 and TNF-α levels in GCF were determined by ELISA. Results The clinical periodontal parameters, GCF IL-18 level, and TNF-α level were similar between diabetic and systemically healthy children (p > 0.05). The gingivitis subgroups had a significantly higher GI, PI, PPD, GCF volume, and TNF-α total amounts than the H subgroups (p < 0.0001). The IL-18 concentrations in the gingivitis subgroups were significantly lower than in the periodontally healthy subgroups. Conclusions In diabetic children with good metabolic control, T1DM did not affect the GCF levels of IL-18 and TNF-α in the presence of gingivitis. However, increased GCF TNF-α levels in children with gingivitis confirm that TNF-α is closely related to gingival inflammation. Clinical relevance Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not associated with GCF interleukin-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in children with gingivitis. Keywords Gingival crevicular fluid . Gingivitis . Diabetes mellitus
Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that results from the T cell–mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to the loss of insulin production
* Sultan Keles [email protected] 1
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
2
Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
4
Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
[1]. Genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis, and it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults [2]. T1DM is a risk factor for numerous organ complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, autonomic dysfunction, and cardiovascular diseases [3]. It is well-known that diabetics are more prone to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is an infecti
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