Forest succession in post-agricultural Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Forest succession in post-agricultural Larix olgensis plantations in northeast China Wei Ma1 • Shen Lei2 • Yujun Sun2 • Jason Grabosky3
Received: 21 August 2018 / Accepted: 26 December 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2019
Abstract In order to understand the management of regional vegetation, numerical classification and ordination are widely used to investigate community distribution and vegetation features. In particular, two-way indicator-species analysis programs (TWINSPAN) classifies plots and species into different groups. De-trended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) reflects the relationship between community and site conditions. Afforestation with Larix olgensis Herry. Plantations is a suitable restoration strategy on post-agricultural fields in the Lesser Khingan Mountains. The results of this study show how these plantations develop over time to establish a reliable pathway model by measuring and clarifying the succession process. Twenty-eight
Wei Ma and Shen Lei contributed equally to this work. Project funding: This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (BJFUKF201816), the Special Public Interest Research and Industry Fund of Forestry (200904003-1) and the Importation of Foreign Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program (2008-4-48). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Chai Ruihai. & Yujun Sun [email protected] 1
Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100714, China
2
The Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
3
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
L. olgensis plantations along a 48-year chronosequence of afforestation were investigated with a quadrat sampling method. Species composition, community structure attributes of diversity, and site conditions were analyzed. Communities were classified by TWINSPAN into five successional stages: immature, juvenile, mid-aged, nearmature and mature. Classifications were validated by DCA and CCA analysis. Site conditions such as soil and litter thickness, soil organic matter, soil density, and pH were measured. Successional stages varied in community composition and species population, accompanied by time from afforestation and a gradient of site conditions. This gradient showed changes in vegetation occurrence and diversity coinciding with changes in soil conditions. The study showed that L. olgensis plantations had marked predominance in growth and were associated with improved soil fertility and the formation of a stable plant community. Keywords Chronosequence Community structure Lesser Khingan Mountains Site conditions Species composition Abbreviations CCA Canonical correspondence analysis D Margalef richness index DBH Diameter at breast height DCA De-trended correspondence analysis GGP Grain for
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